A Man for All Seasons More’s Moral Stature Essay

A Man for All Seasons: More’s Moral Stature In some literature, a character’s moral stature plays an important role. In the play, A Man for All Seasons, by Robert Bolt, no other character comes close to More’s moral reputation. Thomas Cromwell and Richard Rich do not compare to More’s moral stature because both Rich and Cromwell lie, while Rich accepts bribes and Cromwell does anything King Henry VIII tells him to no matter what it is, and they will do whatever it takes to get what they want. More on the other hand, would not lie no matter what the consequences would be, he would not accept a bribe under any circumstance and he would never go against his morals. Sir Thomas More†¦show more content†¦Norfolk’s comment â€Å" . . . he was the only judge since Cato who didn’t accept bribes!† (Bolt 58) confirms More’s friends know that he is not the type of man that can be bought. Sir Thomas More will not accept bribes because he is a moral person. Furthermore, More has a better moral reputation because he would not go against his beliefs no matter what anyone threatened to do to him. Sir Thomas feels that his beliefs are most important and need to come first. More resigns due to his beliefs, â€Å" . . . If the Bishops in Convocation submitted this morning, I’ll take it off† (Bolt 48). Also, More tells Cromwell that he is going to follow his conscience even thought he knows that he is going to be killed for it. More states this when he says, â€Å"And when we stand before God, and you are sent to Paradise for according to your conscience, and I am damned for not doing according to mine† (Bolt 78) This shows that he is putting his conscience and beliefs above all. He also believes in staying true to his conscience, â€Å" . . . yet God exists. In matters of conscience, the loyal subject is more bounden to be loyal to his conscience than to any other thing.† (Bolt 92) This is More’s way of saying that he will be true to his conscience to the bitter end. More will not change his mind and go against his principles and he will not be

Three Women Writers A Study in Virtue and Christianity...

Three Women Writers: A Study in Virtue and Christianity of the 18th and 19th centuries The popularity of Toni Morrisons Beloved has recently awakened a mainstream interest in African-American literature. Writers, such as Maya Angelou and Langston Hughes, have also facilitated the infiltration of African American voices into popular culture. This website is devoted to three women who, like Morrison and Angelou, have aided in the formation and development of the African American literary tradition, but often remain unremembered in todays society. Phillis Wheatley, Harriet Jacobs, and Harriet Wilson have all made valuable contributions in the forms of poetry, narrative, and fiction to the early stages of a growing literary tradition.†¦show more content†¦Harriet Wilson Harriet Wilson is believed to be the first African American woman to publish a novel in English. The rediscovery of her novel, Our Nig, in 1981 led into an inquiry into her life. Still few biographical details are known about Wilsons life. It is thought that she was born in New Hampshire in 1827 or 1828. The next known record of her is in 1850 and documents her as living with the Boyles family in Milford. She then left the Boyles in order to support herself. On October 6, 1851 she married Thomas Wilson and gave birth to her son George Mason Wilson in the spring of 1852. After being deserted by her husband, Wilson wrote Our Nig in effort to supplement her income as a seamstress and to support her son. After the death of her son in 1860, Wilson soon disappears from public record. Harriet Jacobs Jacobs was born in North Carolina in 1813 as a slave, although she wasnt aware of this misfortune until the age of six. Upon the death of her mistress, Jacobss situation as a slave became intolerable. At the age of fifteen, she had already become the object of her masters (Dr. Flint) sexual desire. The inevitable abuse from both Flint and his wife forced Jacobs to take drastic measures to protect herself. During this time Jacobs bore two children by a prominent white man in her community, with hopes thatShow MoreRelatedA Brief Analysis on Sexism in English5522 Words   |  23 Pagessociety to be crowned civilized and the language of English, accurate and elegant. Key Words: Sexism; English; demonstrations; causes. I. Introduction As the human society hurdled over the threshold of the 21st century, in a more civilized world, it seems that, women, the huge community which accounts for half the world’s population, is now enjoying an equal status as her counterpart in various aspects of lives. However, if people don’t mind to make the least effort to have a squint atRead MoreChildrens Literature13219 Words   |  53 PagesConclusion 30 8. 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I hope that by giving this account of its contents, other editions and studies of this important text may be encouraged. aA II. 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Easy Sample Guide on Global Marketing

Question: Discuss about theGlobal Marketing for International Market Selection. Answer: Introduction Global marketing is that type of marketing on a global scale to reconcile and take commercial benefit of worldwide operations; their similarities and differences to meet the objectives on global scale. It is a strategy to enhance sales through advertisements and promotions in the international market. Mostly every business has a global establishment; even those companies performing activities from home can attract customers from all around the world. A global business marketing strategy should be effective and capable of understanding its target market to promote and sell their products globally (Farrell, R, 2016). To carry business activities in another country, businesses must gain knowledge about new culture and their establishment norms and values. Understanding the culture and demand will ensure better business. Usually companies hire a trustworthy native person of that country to help with the marketing process. Different countries and cultures have different demands and preferences; a product sold in one country may not be sold in another country. Product offerings should be tailored according to the geographical conditions and make effective strategies so that the product can be accepted worldwide. Global marketing strategy ensures leverage economies of scale to the company. International Market Selection Market Selection is one of the most important decisions to make to start business overseas. There are many barriers which can make the entry difficult while dealing with the political and cultural risk (Tielmann, V, 2010). Different market has various degrees of attractiveness and has different objectives. The International Marketing Process is a five step process: Country Identification We can select any country according to our requirements, so we perform country identification process; which means to understand the general concept of potential markets. It is often beneficial to choose that country where the culture and languages used is similar to our country. There must a simple match between the countries to avoid obstacles and barriers in setting up a business. Before choosing a company make sure that the country is dealing in the same trading zone. Preliminary Screening The second step is preliminary screening and at this stage a more serious attention is given to those countries that are remaining after performing the preliminary screening. We begin with scoring, giving weights and ranking the nations in accordance to the macro-economic factors like exchange rates, level of domestic consumption and currency stability. The market entry cost is determined before making any decision. There are many countries that are facing political and economical instability, if any country makes its entry to such market it will be very difficult to avoid market risk. So the marketing manager should consider only those countries that show favourable economic market condition. In- Dept Screening The third step is to determine that whether the country is feasible for entry or not. So it is essential to gain detail information about the target market to make the marketing decision accurate. In this step not only micro-economic factors are dealt with, but local conditions are also considered. Marketing research is conducted in relation to the product, price, promotion and place. Final Selection In step four, the final selection is made out of all the potential nations and this can be done by looking upon the goals and their match in the nations. Close competitors or any domestic company having same features can be looked to get similar cost at the time of entry. Depending upon this criteria a final scoring and weighting is done and the final decision is made. Direct Experience The last stage is direct experience. The manager or marketing representatives are required to visit the nation to gain experience and knowledge regarding the countries culture and business practices. After accessing the local conditions self referencing is important. The business should be flexible and of experimental nature to attract more customers and it should always keep in mind that if they want the business to be the best avoid being judgemental. Reason to Choose a Country Before taking any decision regarding which country to select out of the possible alternatives ask yourself what you have and what you would like to do. By developing this we can determine our priority section and choose a country. Small mistakes can be corrected later on but once we select a country it becomes impossible to repair this damage. So we should be systematic and realistic in selecting the perfect location. Consider the style of operation, whether to keep it formal and elegant one or casual. Location can be decided depending upon the particular style (Lee, K Carter, S, 2012). A traditional store must be required if the business in dealing in the retailing of goods and services. The issue related to demographics is an important angle to be looked upon. First determine the potential customers and the level of their proximity to the location, this must be a very critical task for some retailers and service providers. Make sure that the competitor company is not located nearby as they may have a competitive advantage over our business. An ordinance and zoning restrictions can also affect the business in many ways, to avoid these restrictions make sure that there is no restriction imposed by the Government to start a business in that locality. Technology is also an important factor in determining the best country to start up a business. In the present scenario customers are highly exposed to the new technologies and advancements, therefore to meet the need of the customers choose a country where technological advancement is favourable. Presently Canada is one of the best countries to start up a business because of its attractive Governmental policies and support. Canadas cost of living is low and provides educated workforce that makes it an attractive destination to start up a business (Gillett, R, 2014). Its inflation rate is also flat when compared with other countries. Canadian Government is being supportive and providing guidance to small entrepreneurs to start their business. The Business Development of Canada is providing venture capital, subordinate financing and long term loans to the small businesses. The Canadian Funding Portal makes it easy to understand and take government grants and many other funding options. The Canadian employees are well trained and qualified; they ensure good quality work to the business. Objectives and Goal Setting International Marketing aims to expand its sales overseas by introducing the products and services in new market. The financial objective of global marketing is to increase its revenues and earnings, make wider margins and enhance cash flows. Higher rate of return is expected from the capital invested. The Strategic Marketing Objective is to intent to sustainability and improvement in the strength of the organization and to gain long term market position by considering customer value in a business. A business plans to expand their activities worldwide to make bigger market share and to adapt quickly the prevailing conditions of the market as compared to their competitors. They want to offer products that have higher quality than their rivals. Provide goods and services at relatively low price and to broader the product line of the business. A business wants to provide best customer services to maintain a good position in the global market (Olsen, E, 2008). Alternate Market Entry Strategies There are many ways in which a company can plan its entry in a foreign market. One market strategy may be suitable for one business and may not be favourable for other business; it totally depends upon the goals and objectives of the business. There are a number of barriers that can influence our decision such as tariff rates, marketing cost, transportation cost and the extent of adaptation of the product. There are many options available for taking an entry in the global market such as direct exporting, licensing, franchising, joint ventures, buying a business and partnering (Spulber, D, 2007). In direct exporting we intend to sell the products directly into the chosen market. Once the sales program is established, it is explained to the agents and retailers so that they can deal according to the set program (Brady, D, 2014). The retailers and agents becomes the face of the company so it is extremely important to select staffs that are confident and experienced to make such deals. A sophisticated arrangement, which the company can transfer the right to utilise the products and services to another company. It is an important strategy as a license purchaser can expand its market share. To expand the market rapidly, franchising is the correct strategy. It is beneficial for a firm that has a repeatable business model. But the model should be completely unique from other models and should posses a good brand image in the international market. Partnering is necessary when a business is supposed to make an entry in a country having highly diversified culture and language. Joint ve nture is that type of partnership in which two countries agree to work together as a third company (Peng, M, 2016). Segmentation,Targeting and Positioning Segmentation means to find out the potential customers and their needs. This will help in developing the approach to fulfil the needs and wants of different groups cost effectively. There are different ways for market segmentation, they are: demographic, psychographic, behavioural and geographic (Cant, M, Strydom, J Jooste, C, 2009). The demographic approach covers the personal attitude like age, gender, education, occupation, marital status and sexuality. Psychographic deals with the personality and lifestyle of the consumers. The behavioural approach deals with the benefits that the consumer expects and how loyal the customers are. The geographical approach is concerned with the country, region, state and city. Target Marketing deals with the size of the market and the expected growth. It is beneficial to target that market where there are limited competitors available because low rivals equals to attractive market. Cost to reach the market is calculated and decision is made accordingly. Target that market where competition is limited and customers are willing to purchase the product that the company will be dealing in (Hopps, J, 2008). The final stage is positioning, it means to implement the chosen image and to make appeal in the selected market. To have knowledge about the current position in the market conduct a market research and identify the most important product class attributes and where improvement is necessary (Doole, I Lowe, R, 2005). Michael Porters Generic Strategies The generic strategy of Michael Porter can be applied in all industries of any size. Porter termed the generic strategy as: Cost Leadership: It means to eliminate unwanted services to reduce the cost of a product so that the sales can be increased. This way the company can gain competitive advantage over the rival companies (Faulkner, D, 2002). Differentiation: It means to create desirable products and services uniquely (Robbins, S, Bergman, R, Stagg, I Coulter, M, 2014). The company offers product that has unique feature and is capable of attracting more customers. Focus: To offer specialized and outstanding services in the niche market. The focus part is further divided into two parts- Cost Focus and Differentiation Focus. The company that uses focus strategy develops low cost and specified products for the market, as they tend to serve the market uniquely by building strong relationship with the customers and creating a good brand image. The focus strategy deals in a narrow segment and due to this it becomes difficult to attract more customers (Goldman, G Nieuwenhuizen, 2006). Conclusion Global Marketing is the new era in the business world. Many organizations have started to expand their business in the global world to increase their profitability. A business should expand its business in that country where the cultural and social environment shows favourable condition. A country having limited Government pressure and regulation will be the best to start a business. Global marketing also helps in building up good brand reputation in the market. Expanding a business helps in opening the door for itself for future opportunities. Different countries have diversified culture and languages, it is important to make an entry in those countries where people are ready to accept the culture of other country; and are willing to use the product and services offered by our company. Make sure that the country you choose does not involve operational risk otherwise it could ruin everything. The employees may go on strike due to non compliance of employment or corporation laws accor ding as prescribed by the Government of that country. Therefore, we can conclude by saying that; choose that country where all the establishment conditions are favourable and Government is willing to show financial help. References Adekola, A Sergi, B. (2007). Global Business Management: A Cross-cultural Perspective. Ashgate Publishing Ltd. Brady, D. (2014). Essentials of International Marketing. Routledge. Cant, M, Strydom, J Jooste, C. (2009). Marketing Management. Juta and Company Ltd. Doole, I Lowe, R. (2005). Strategic Marketing Decisions in Global Markets. Cengage Learning EMEA. Farrell, R. (2016). Advantages Disadvantages of a Global Strategy, Viewed 24 September 2016 from https://smallbusiness.chron.com/advantages-disadvantages-global-strategy-11664.html Faulkner, D. (2002). Strategy: Critical Perspectives on Business and Management. Taylor Francis. Gillett, R. (2014). The Five Best Places In The World To Start A Company, Viewed 24 September 2016 from https://www.fastcompany.com/3033589/hit-the-ground-running/the-five-best-places-in-the-world-to-start-a-company-infographic done Goldman, G, Nieuwenhuizen. (2006). Strategy: Sustaining Competitive Advantage in a Globalised Context. Juta and Company Ltd. Hopps, J. (2008). Target Market Selection Segmentation and Positioning, Viewed 24 September 2016 from https://blog.demandmetric.com/2008/08/06/target-market-selection-segmentation-and-positioning Lee, K Carter, S. (2012). Global Marketing Management. OUP Oxford. Olsen, E. (2008). Objectives and Goal Setting, Viewed 24 September 2016 from https://onstrategyhq.com/resources/objectives-and-goal-setting Peng, M. (2016). Global Business. Cengage Learning. Robbins, S, Bergman, R, Stagg, I Coulter, M. (2014). Management. Pearson Australia. Spulber, D. (2007). Global Competitive Strategy. Cambridge University Strategy. Thompson, V. (2016). Things to Do When Doing Business in Other Countries, Viewed 24 September 2016 from https://smallbusiness.chron.com/things-doing-business-other-countries-64768.html Tielmann, V. (2010). Market Entry Strategies: International Marketing Management. GRIN Verlag.

Taboo Of Miscegeny In Othello Essays - Othello,

Taboo Of Miscegeny In Othello Racism in Othello Choose one non-dramatic text offered on the module, (an extract from Samuel Taylor Coleridge's Literary Remains,) and show how it might help us understand Othello. The extract presents a sustained attack by Coleridge on Shakespeare for his lack of realism in the 'monstrous' depiction of a marriage between a 'beautiful Venetian girl,' and a 'veritable negro,' in Othello. He sees Shakespeare's transformation of a 'barbarous negro' into a respected soldier and nobleman of stature as 'ignorant', since at the time, 'negroes were not known except as slaves.' (Appendix) The extract seems to raise two questions - how central is the taboo of miscegeny to the play, and to what extent is Othello's reputation able to counter this prejudice? It is certainly not hard to conclude that it is probably Shakespeare's most controversial play. There is a clear theme of racism throughout, one which was firmly embedded in the Venetian society which rejects the marriage of Othello and Desdemona as erring, 'against all rules of nature,' [1.3.102] Nothing separates Othello from, 'the wealthy curled darlings of our nation,' [1.2.68] except skin-colour - he matches or even exceeds them in reputation. At the start of the play, he appears confident that, OTHELLO: My parts, my title, and my perfect soul Shall manifest me rightly. Othello 1.2.31-2 when he is called in front of the court on charges of witchcraft, yet the malevolent Iago is able to call on Othello's deep-rooted insecurities about his race in order to play Othello and Desdemona against one another until their marriage fails. Essentially, Iago is a representative of the white race, a pre-Nazi figure who tries to inform the public of the impurity of Othello and Desdemona's marriage. He demonstrates how this miscegenation is threatening to the existing social order, and ultimately, Othello's lifetime of achievement is not sufficient to pursuade others from prejudice in a moment of crisis (such as Desdemona's elopement,) or sustain his self-esteem in the long-run. Othello is structured so that the main premise of the play, introducing the main themes, appears near the beginning. It is obvious that Iago has an agenda planned of malevolent proportions with Othello at its target. He is the catalyst of all the destructive happenings within the play starting from the very beginning when he and Roderigo approach the residence of Brabantio in 1.1. He uses crude, racist language to appeal to the senator's traditional beliefs, including such phrases as, IAGO: Even now, now, very now, an old black ram Is tupping your white ewe! Othello 1.1.87-88 Iago even goes so far as to propose that Brabantio's grandchildren will be animals because of his daughter's base marriage with an 'other.' IAGO: ...you'll have your daughter covered with a Barbary horse, you'll have your nephews neigh to you, you'll have coursers for cousins, and jennets for germans. Othello 1.1.109-112 Later we are told that Iago's motive is jealousy and he uses the rhetoric of racism to undermine Othello, playing on Brabantio's prejudices to provoke him, even though, as Othello relates later, 'Her father loved me, oft invited me.' [1.3.129] A shock and a few crude comments from Iago is all it takes to make a respected figure turn against a close friend of equal stature simply because of skin colour. Technically, Brabantio was not legally allowed to nullify his daughter's marriage to the Moor as she was over the age of consent. Culturally, however, he had all the support necessary to challenge the marriage given common racist assumptions of the time, and accuses Othello of sorcery and witchcraft. This means firstly that he is unable to imagine his daughter wilfully deceiving him, an understandable reaction given her past dutiful behaviour, 'so tender, fair and happy' [1.2.66] and the nature of the patriarchal society in which she lived. Secondly, like Coleridge, he cannot believe she would ever 'fall in love with what she feared to look on,' [1.3.99] without the aid of spells, and thirdly, he suggests that Othello's race makes him capable of these powers of 'black' magic - we have to ask ourselves; if Desdemona had eloped with Roderigo, would he be accused of witchcraft? If Brabantio had not reverted to his prejudices and stayed calm, he

buy custom The Use of Steroids essay

buy custom The Use of Steroids essay Steroids, which may also be termed as the anabolic androgenic steroids bears reference to the hormone testosterone of the male that, are meant for the building of the muscles, enhancement of the performance as well as the improvement of the physical appearance. The anabolic as well as the muscle effect that are associated with the drug are resourceful to the retention of protein in the body of the user. This is a building block that is essential for the development of the body muscles, the skin as well as the bones. The androgenic, also referred to as the muscular effects associated with the drug is a cause of the progression of the males deep voice, the muscle hair, aggressiveness and the facial as well as the body hair. It is however notable that the people who are involved in the abuse of the drug are at a high risk of a wide range of the side effects that are usually unwanted. Most of the unwanted risks are also associated with irreversibility. In the case of the use of injection as a method of application of the drug in to the body there is a high possibility of infection with HIV (Wright Cowart, 1994). The use of steroids in todays society is an issue that is rampart. The stories that are related to the use of steroids have been at the focal point in the media. Their use is commonly reported in most of the professionals taking part ion the baseball players, the cyclists as well as the track stars. These are the most commonly reported cases and some of them have even admitted publicly about their use of steroids in an attempt of achieving an edge in as far as their competitiveness is concerned. The use of the steroids among the athletes is a possible cause of their exclusion from the activities of sport at the time that they are discovered (Wright Cowart, 1994). The problem is specifically serious wih the young people who in most of the situations are exposed to the habit by the members of their peer. The most influential peers are the friend, the acquaintances and the partners in gym. The teenagers in addition to the young adults especially the males who take part in activities such as athletics are particularly exposed to the risks that are associated with the use as well as the abuse of steroids. This is based on they believe that they hold to the effect that steroids contribute in the enhancement of their performance especially during the physical activities ion addition to their general appearance. It is however ironical that the young people are especially exposed to the risks that contribute to significant harm in as far as their bodies are concerned (Wright Cowart, 1994). As an irony, the teens expose themselves to a situation of risk in relation to causing substantial harm in as far as their health is concerned. This is also accompanied with an irreversible situation of a transformation of their appearance in a manner that they may least anticipate. The effects are epitomized in acne, a growth that is stunted, and the assumption of the characteristics of female in young male accompanied by the characteristics of male in young girls. The extent of the research that has so far been conducted reveals the fact that the earlier the onset of the use of the drug, the higher iss the likelihood of indulgence in the experimentations with other drugs of similar kind. The use of steroids is either in an oral form in the form of tablets or even the use of intramuscular injections. The use of the steroids is in most of the cases based on hearsay as well as gossip with respect to the determination of the most appropriate dosage that is associated with an appreciable extent of safety. In the case of the abuse of the drug, the victim usually use to the extent of using a great number of milligramss of the dose on a daily basis who is consequently not a safe level. The actual prescription of the doctor is in the extent of as little as 1 5 milligram on a daily basis in the case that the use of the drug is legitimate. Some untrue assumptions however arises to the effect that the use of high levels of the drug is consequential to some results that are favorable. This therefore leads to the use of a combination of the drug by the users which results to the phenomena that is identified as the stacking. The use of the drug in such cases is usually based on cy cles in which case the drug is commonly used for a period of up to 6 extending to 12 weeks with a time punctuation of refraining from the use of the drug (Wright Cowart, 1994). This is done for the purpose of the avoidance of a situation of building tolerance. There are various degrees of problems that are associated with the use of steroids. Most of the adolescents are usually at high risk in as far as the behavior is concerned. There is a high possibility that they may loose some interests on the activities on daily basis in addition to incidences of energy loss as well as boredom. They are also in a position of experiencing some difficult times in the course of the limitation of the use of the drug. They are also prone to develop some tolerance to the use of steroids calling for the use of huge amounts of the drug in order to achieve the effects that are associated with muscle building. They are also likely to develop some problems that are associated with work in addition to the relationships with other people. The use of steroids is also a possible cause of the phenomena that is identified as the male anorexia in which case the victims are exposed to an experience of dissatisfaction in as far as their image of the body is concerned an d fail to notice the changes that evident in the rest of the people (Wright Cowart, 1994). Buy custom The Use of Steroids essay

Biography of Leonardo Da Vinci, Genius Painter, Scientist, Naturalist

Biography of Leonardo Da Vinci, Genius Painter, Scientist, Naturalist Leonardo Da Vinci (April 15, 1452–  May 2, 1519) was artist, humanist, scientist, philosopher, inventor, and naturalist during the Italian Renaissance. His genius, says his biographer Walter Isaacson, was the ability to marry observation with imagination, to apply that imagination to intellect and its universal nature. Fast Facts: Leonardo da Vinci Known For: Renaissance-era painter, inventor, naturalist, philosopher, writer.  Born: April 15, 1452, Vinci in Tuscany, Italy.Parents: Piero da Vinci and Caterina Lippi.Died:  May 2, 1519, in Cloux, France.Education: Formal training limited to abacus school in commercial math, apprenticeship at the workshop of Andrea del Verrocchio; otherwise self taught.Spouse(s): None.Children: None.   Early Life Leonardo Da Vinci was born in the village of Vinci in Tuscany, Italy, on April 15, 1452, the only child of Piero da Vinci, a notary and eventually Chancellor of Florence, and Caterina Lippi, an unmarried peasant girl. He is properly known as Leonardo rather than da Vinci, although that is common form of his name today. Da Vinci means from Vinci and most people of the day who required a last name were given it based on their place of residence. Leonardo was illegitimate, which, according to biographer Isaacson, may well have assisted his skill and education. He was not required to go to formal school, and he passed his youth in experimentation and exploration, keeping careful notes in a series of journals which have survived. Piero was a well-to-do man, descended from at least two generations of important notaries, and he settled in the town of Florence, marrying Albierra, the daughter of another notary, within eight months of Leonardos birth. Leonardo was raised in the da Vinci family home by his grandfather, Antonio, and his wife, as well as Francesco, Pieros youngest brother only 15 years older than Leonardo himself. Florence (1467–1482) In 1464, Albierra died in childbirth- she had no other children, and Piero brought Leonardo to live with him in Florence. There Leonardo was exposed to the architecture and writings of the artists Filippo Brunelleschi (1377–1446) and Leon Battista Alberti (1404–1472); and it was there that his father got him an apprenticeship to the artist and engineer Andrea del Verrocchio. Verrocchios workshop was part art studio and part art shop, and Leonardo was exposed to a rigorous training program, that included painting, sculpture, pottery, and metal working. He learned the beauty of geometry and the mathematical harmony that art can leverage; and it was here that he learned chiarroscuro, and developed the sfumato technique he would become famous for. When his apprenticeship ended in 1472, Leonardo registered in the Florentine painters confraternity, the Compagnia di San Luca. Many of the works he did in Verocchios workshop were often completed by several of the students and/or the teacher, and it is clear that by the end of his tenure, Leonardo had surpassed his master. Verocchios workshop was sponsored by the Duke of Florence, Lorenzo de Medici (1469–1492) also known as Lorenzo the Magnificent. Some of the works painted by Leonardo in his twenties include the Annunciation and the Adoration of the Magi, and the portrait of Ginevra di Benci. Milan (1482–1499) When Leonardo turned 30, he was sent by Lorenzo on a diplomatic mission to bring a lute in the shape of a horses head that he himself had crafted to be given to Ludovico Sforza, the powerful Duke of Milan. With him was Atalante Migliorotti (1466–1532), the first of his long-term companions, who acted as a friend, assistant, secretary, and romantic partner. When Leonardo arrived in Milan, he sent a letter to Ludovico, a letter that was more or less a job application, laying out in detail the type of job he envisioned being useful to the Duke: military and civil engineering. Instead, Leonardo ended up an impresario, producing elaborate pageants for the royal court such as the Masque of the Planets. He designed scenery and costumes and developed fantastic mechanical elements for the plays that would fly, descend or animate for the audience. In this role, he was part court jester: he sang and played the lute, told stories and fables, played pranks. His friends described him as gentle and entertaining, handsome, precise and generous, a valued and beloved companion. The Genius in the Notebook It was also during this period that Leonardo began keeping regular notebooks. Over 7,200 single pages exist today, estimated to be one-quarter of his total output. They are filled with expressions of sheer genius: flights of fancy, precognitive sketches of impossible technologies (scuba gear, flying machines, helicopters) careful, analytical anatomical studies of dissections he performed on humans and animals; and visual puns. In his notebooks and his canvases, he played with shadow and light, perspective, motion, color. His drawings of humans at the time are fascinating: an old warrior with a nutcracker nose and an enormous chin; grotesquely old men and women; and a thin, muscular, curly-haired androgynous figure, the opposite avatar of the old warrior who would provide centuries of delight and speculation for art historians. Of course, he painted while he was in Milan: portraits included several of Ludovicos mistresses, The Lady with the Ermine and La Belle Ferronnià ¨re; and religious works such as Virgin of the Rocks and the astonishing Last Supper. He also made the famous drawing Vitruvian Man, the best of numerous attempts of the day to illustrate what the Roman architect Vitrivius (ca 80–15 BCE) meant when he said the layout of a temple should reflect the proportions of a human body. Leonardo ditched most of Vitriviuss measurements and calculated his own ideal of perfection. In 1489, Leonardo finally earned the job he had wanted in 1482: he received an official court appointment, complete with rooms (albeit not at Ludovicos castle). His first commission was to make an immense sculpture of the Duke of Milans father Francesco sitting on a horse. He made the model of clay and worked for years planning the casting, but never completed the bronze sculpture. In July of 1490, he met the second companion of his life, Gian Giacomo Caprotti  da Oreno, known as Salai (1480–1524). By 1499, the Duke of Milan was running out of money and no longer consistently paying Leonardo, and when Louis XII of France (1462–1515) invaded Milan, Ludovico fled the city. Leonardo stayed in Milan briefly- the French knew him and protected his studio from the mobs- but when he heard rumors that Ludovico was planning to return, he fled home to Florence. Italy and France (1500–1519) When Leonardo returned to Florence, he found the city still shaken from the after-effects of the brief and bloody rule of Savonarola (1452–1498), who in 1497 had led the Bonfire of the Vanities- the priest and his followers collected and burned thousands of objects such as artworks, books, cosmetics, dresses, mirrors, and musical instruments as forms of evil temptations. In 1498, Savonarola was hanged and burned in the public square. Leonardo was a different man when he returned: he dressed like a dandy, spending almost as much on clothing as he did on books. His first patron was the notorious military ruler Cesare Borgia (1475–1507), who conquered Florence in 1502: Borgia gave Leonardo a passport to travel wherever he needed, as his personal engineer and innovator. The job only lasted about eight months, but during that time Leonardo built a bridge supporting a garrison of troops out of a pile of lumber and nothing more. He also perfected the art of maps, drawing villages as they would be seen from the air, accurate, detailed birds-eye views of cities measured with a compass. He also established a friendship with Niccolo Machiavelli (1469–1527), who would base his classic The Prince on Borgia. By 1503, though, Borgia was running amok, requiring mass executions in the towns he occupied. At first, Leonardo seemed oblivious, but when Machiavelli left, so did Leonardo: back to Florence. In Florence, Leonardo and Machiavelli worked on an astonishing project: they planted to divert the Arno river from Pisa to Florence. The project got started, but the engineer changed the specs and it was a spectacular failure. Leonardo and Machiavelli also worked on a way to drain the Piombino Marshes: water, the movement of it, the force of it, was a fascination for Leonardo throughout his life, but the marsh project was also not completed. Michelangelo Artistically, Florence had a huge drawback: Leonardo had acquired a nemesis, Michelangelo. Twenty years younger, but although as gay as Leonardo was, unlike Leonardo, Michelangelo was a pious Christian convulsed by agony over his nature. The two artists communication devolved into a bitter feud. The two men were each commissioned to do battle scenes: hung in separate galleries, the paintings were depictions of frenzied faces, monstrous armor, and mad horses. Isaacson suggests that the upshot of the war of the battle scene was useful to both artists because they were now both luminaries, rather than interchangeable parts. From 1506–1516, Leonardo wandered back and forth between Rome and Milan; another one of his patrons was the Medici Pope Leo X (1475–1521). In 1506, Leonardo adopted Francesco Melzi, the 14-year-old son of a friend and civil engineer, as his heir. Between 1510 and 1511, Leonardo worked with anatomy professor Marcantonio della Torre, whose students dissected humans while Leonardo made 240 meticulous drawings and wrote 13,000 words of description- probably more, those are what have survived. But the professor died of the plague, ending the project before it could be published. And of course he painted: his masterpieces during this period in his life include the Mona Lisa (La Gioconda); The Virgin and Child with St. Anne, and a series of images of Salai as St. John the Baptist and Bacchus. Death In 1516, Francis I of France commissioned Leonardo for another astounding, impossible task: design a town and palace complex for the royal court at Romorantin. Francis, arguably one of the best patrons Leonardo ever had, gave him the Chateau de Cloux (now the Clos Luce). Leonardo was by now an old man, still productive- he made 16 drawings over the next three years, even if the city project was not completed- but he was visibly ill and had likely suffered a stroke. He died on May 2, 1519, at the Chateau. Sources and Recommended Reading Clark, Kenneth and Martin Kemp. Leonardo da Vinci: Revised Edition. London, Penguin Books, 1989.Isaacson, Walter. Leonardo Da Vinci. New York: Simon Schuster, 2017.  Farago, Claire. Biography and Early Art Criticism of Leonardo da Vinci. New York: Garland Publishing, 1999.Nicholl, Charles. Leonardo da Vinci: Flights of the Mind. London, Penguin Books, 2005.

Management in Information technology Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Management in Information technology - Assignment Example Everyone from eager-to-fit-in tweens to educated business people to intrigued grandparents has joined the phenomenon, and unsurprisingly many teenagers have also caught Facebook fever.† (Facebook Addiction) The people in Saudi Arabia are very hard-working but they have been distracted by Facebook, their valuable time is being squandered browsing through Facebook. This is hampering their growth and this is also hampering the overall growth of the country. The younger generation is completely hooked on to Facebook and they use slang language which is again bad for them. Using slang language is affecting their language skills and making them incompetent. Facebook has had its share of problems; thieves use Facebook to know when certain people are going on vacation so that they can rob their house. Credit card numbers have been stolen using Facebook; a woman in Australia was murdered when she went and met her friend who she had met through Facebook. All these instances show that people in Saudi Arabia are losing their privacy and are openly flirting with danger. â€Å"Facebook and its co-founder Mark Zuckerberg are being sued for more than $1billion over a page that was on the social networking site that called for violence against Jews.† (Facebook Sued) This is just one of many evidences which clearly show that this social networking website can cause religious havoc and this is why the people in Saudi Arabia should never get carried away with what they see on this website. It has already caused political havoc in the middle-east which has led to several economical problems; it has also led to vandalism. The same may happen all over again and it is high time to stop this from happening. Saudi Arabia is a very conservative country; the majority of people residing in the country are Muslims. Islam is openly discussed on the website and people with very little or absolutely no knowledge about Islam have been spreading propaganda which could again

Group Counseling in Elementary Schools Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Group Counseling in Elementary Schools - Essay Example Due to this legislation school counselors are being expected to contribute more towards the academic achievements of their student body (Brigman & Campbell, 2003). The following paper aims to inform the reader about two interventions that are currently used as part of school-based group counseling. First, a brief outline of the purpose behind group counseling for elementary students shall be provided. Second two group counseling intervention activities shall be presented. Next, an outline of ethical and best practice principles shall be identified that align with a learner-centered approach to group counseling. Finally, a conclusion shall summarize the key themes of this paper. Group counseling within the elementary environment has more recently taken on a learner-centered approach to school counseling (Stroh & Sink, 2002). Recent changes to education legislation emphasize a focus on student academic achievements (Brigman & Campbell, 2003). ... School-based group counseling is proving to be an effective intervention for positive change in student behavior (Schechtman, 2002). Group counseling intervention activities may be centered around a diverse range of topics, such as friendship and social skills study, anti-bullying, organizational skills development, building self-esteem, changes to family dynamics and grief, just to name a few (Schechtman, 2002) .Group counseling has been found to significantly reduce rates of acting-out behavior in elementary students considered to be at risk (Stroh & Strike, 2002). Interventions that have included group counseling have also been found to be beneficial at improving overall behavioral adjustment of elementary students (Stroh & Strike, 2002). The use of small group counseling interventions have been found to positively affect the racial attitudes of elementary students (Stroh & Strike, 2002), as well as increase scores on measures of self-concept amongst school aged children (McGannon , Casey, & Dimmitt, 2005). In 2002 Chemtob, Nakashima and Hamada conducted a community wide school-based study of elementary students with ongoing disaster-related trauma two years after Hurricane Iniki. The sample was comprised of 2 358 children in grades 2-6 on the island of Kauai. There were 248 children who rated highest on scores of psychological trauma. Children awaiting treatment comprised the waiting-list control group. The other children were randomly assigned to either the individual or group counseling treatment. Following four treatment sessions there was a significant reduction in self-reports of trauma-related symptoms as compared to the waiting list group. Although,

Long Term vs. Short Term Focus in Communication Essay Example for Free

Long Term vs. Short Term Focus in Communication Essay There are pragmatic differences between sales promotion and advertising, which marketers must bear in mind when attempting to communicate with the customers. The same case will apply when marketers attempt to communicate with customer by defining the appropriate media and non-media communications that are aimed at driving customer interest, demand and sale upwards. Brand value does not always increase the sale of the product depending on the price of the product and affordability. Instead, brand value may be more instrumental in customer retention. In the short term, discounts have the potential of increasing product sales, but in the long term, the customers’ perception of the product may be negative or positive as they ponder over why there was a discount. Primary Differences between sales promotion and advertising There are fundamental differences between sales promotion and advertising. Advertising is the form of communication via the diversity of media with the goal of persuading and making people aware of products or services. Advertising is equally a service to the target and consumers to inform them with truthful contents that are ethically generated in order for it to be accepted by the public. Advertisements are clear, truthful, tasteful, precise, original, reputable and ethical communications to the public. (Guideline Marketing, 1998). Sales promotion is the application of incentives to elicit a positive reaction by the consumer. Sales promotion gives the consumer advantages of using the product or service on promotion. Sale promotions are characterised by sponsorship, free gifts and vouchers, public forum of information, exhibited, educative and consultative. Therefore the fundamental difference between and advertisement and sales promotion is the on their acceptability by the consumers. (Guideline Marketing, 1998). Some media and non-media marketing communication that are typically employed to increase customer interest, demand and sales The media marketing communication that are typically employed to increase customer interest demand and sales are digital media, print media, pod casting , narrow casting and broadcasting, posting mails, telephone marketing, among others. (Promotion and integrated marketing communications, 2007) Non media marketing communication that are typically employed to increase customer interest, demand and sales are price discounts, non-media advertising, special offers, sales coupons, product and services sampling, product and service price rebates, competitions and raffles, games, product and service premium offers and counter promotions. (Promotion and integrated marketing communications, 2007) Does brand value always increase with increasing sales of the product? Not always does value always increases with increasing sale of the product. Perhaps it may help in customer retention. But in some instances, it can increase sales because more sales are a sign that the customers are crediting the brand as well as their perceptions to the product. This has implications that more sales are solidifying the brand value as long as the product is being sold for the purpose of brand building. Brand values that have increased sales due to high sale imply that the brand value is attractive. When the sales increase, there are signs that the customers are satisfied and are bound to make references to other over the value of the brand. (Bacak, 2006). How discounts have the potential to affect short term sales and long term brand value. Under a good marketing management, discounts have the potential of positively affective the short term sales and long term brand value depending on the perceptions of the customers on the brand following the discount. The understanding discount strategy is that the sale force is not overwhelmingly profit motivated. Instead, the priority is to create value that customer perceive as satisfactory. Most business would create a discount to enable more consumers interact with the product or service. (Lin Lin, 2007, p. 1-131). According to Aaker (1991), discounts will provide short term sales competitiveness while customer benefit from the value that will be enhanced in the long term. During the time that a brand is under discount sale force, the consumers are given a chance to identify the product or service with their needs. (Lin Lin, 2007, p. 1-131). An example of products where price discounts positive short term sales increase and long term brand value is the cosmetics. In this case the higher the discount the higher the sales as long as the brand image is highly placed. Thus as soon as the discount is initiated, the short term sales shoot up and the consumers perception of the brand shift and this may be positive or negative. If negative, the consumer could be expecting even more price discounts in the long term. (Lin Lin, 2007, p. 130). Conclusion: This marketing communication paper has come out with very important lessons. First, in order to be successful in marketing communication, it is important to understand the fundamental differences between sale promotion and advertising so that the choice of media and non media communication can be rewarding to the marketing plan. Second, the possibility of an increasing brand value to increase sale is hinged on other factors like affordability. Finally, product price discounts have a short term effect of increased sales but a mixed effect on the brand value in the long term. Reference Aaker, D. A. (1991).Managing Brand Equity:Capitalizing on the Value of a Brand Name, NY: The FreePress. Bacak, M. (2006, March 18). The Benefit of Branding: Increase Your Sales and Promote Your Product by Building a Solid Brand. Retrieved April 10, 2009, from http://ezinearticles. com/? The-Benefit-of-Branding:-Increase-Your-Sales-and-Promote-Your-Product-by-Building-a-Solid-Brandid=163889 Guideline Marketing, (1998). Guidelines for publicity, advertising, practice promotion and allied marketing activities. Retrieved on April 10th, 2009, available at http://www. capelawsoc. law. za/Files%20for%20New%20Website/Guidelines/Advertising%20E. doc Lin, N. Lin B. , (2007, August). The effects of Brand Image and Products Knowledge on Purchase Intention Moderated by Price Discounts. Journal of International Management Studies. P. 1-131. Promotion and Integrated Marketing Communications, (2007). Marketing communications. Retrieved on April 10th, 2009, available at http://www2. cob. ilstu. edu/jsattaw/MKT%20230/Lectures/Lecture%209%20%20Promotion%20and%20Integrated%20Marketing%20Communication. ppt

A Prequel to Susan Glaspells Short Story, Trifles :: Short Story Creative Writing Essays

A Prequel to Susan Glaspell's Short Story, "Trifles" Minnie Foster was once described as the belle of the ball. To look at her tonight for the first time you could see why. She carried herself with both an air of confidence and modesty at the same time. Her small eyes dominated her face. They did not look directly at you anymore though. Still, they seemed all knowing and experienced as if they were able to see and know secrets about you that you wish no one knew. Her slender peaked nose was no match for the full lips she had, lips that never uttered a sound and which have become as pale as her knuckles. Her lips were pierced shut protecting the thoughts in her head from falling out one by one to the hard flooring. This morning Minnie felt a little different. No one was home. No one was there to bother her. Why then, did she feel the need to continue on like a caged animal within her own home? She cautiously continued down from the upstairs. Minnie’s right foot led the way and paused on each step. Like a young child first learning to master the staircase she would wait for her left foot to catch up before leading again with her right. Her feet glided lightly across the wooden steps and only the dust particles felt her movement. She seemed to have a pillow of air floating underneath her. Quite ironically, with each descending stride her body took, her hand would tightly grip the banister until her veins were crushed against her tightened skin with no way out. Gliding over to the kitchen, Minnie continued with her everyday tasks. She began by clearing the table, a task that should have been completed the night before but was left untouched. She put things away one by one and in a quiet manner. She lightly opened and shut the cupboards, placing pots and pans where they belonged, one by one, straight from the table to under the sink. It was cold in that kitchen. Minnie looked out the window to her neighbor’s house. Perhaps today she would go visit; perhaps today she would not.

Religious Education S.B. Essay

Introduction The Rastafarian symbols are important tools to the Rasta’s and their religion and a massive amount of Rasta’s see it as a way of life rather than a religion as a result of this the researcher did a research in order to find out â€Å"The importance of the Rastafarian symbols to the Rasta’s and why does the Rasta’s of the community of Rose Hill District, St.Mary join this religion?† Acknowledgment The researcher would like to thank a number of persons for their assistance and cooperation throughout this research without them the successful completion of this study would not have been possible. Firstly the researcher would like to thank his teacher Mrs. Thomas and his friend Christopher Stephenson for giving him the task of completing this research truly it had positively impacted and the researcher and for instructing the researcher so he could put the research together. The researcher would like to thank his parent for relieving him from his chores and for her encouragement throughout this stressful period so that the research could be properly conducted and completed. The researcher would also like to thank the Rasta’s of the community of Riversdale, St. Catherine for answering the given questionnaires, for making sure the researcher was on the right track in conducting his research and the Highgate Library and their internet source for providing the researcher with the necessary important information and last but not least the researcher would like to thank God for giving him the strength and patience so that the research could be properly conducted and completed. Topic: Rastafarian Symbols Aims The importance of the Rastafarian symbols. The significance of the Rastafarian symbols. The founder and foundation of the different Rastafarian symbols. The different uses of the Rastafarian symbols. INFORMATION COLLECTION The researcher used both primary and secondary sources to obtain information. The primary source used is questionnaire. A questionnaire may be defined as a written set of questions answered by a number of people to provide information for a survey. A total of twenty (20) questionnaires were issued to twenty Rastafarians, eighteen males and two females living in the Riversdale community in St.Catherine on July 28, 2011 and were collected back within ten working days. The reason the researcher decided to use written questionnaire are: Questionnaire allow data to be collected from a large number of people Questionnaire is cost effective Questionnaire make it possible to compare the responses of many respondents Questionnaire can be used to collect data that can be expressed in statistical for using graphs and tables. The secondary source used to obtain information is literature review. The researcher used literature review to gain factual information of what books and reliable websites have said about the topic, Rastafarian symbols and this allow for comparison of the different views. The limitations experience in using these methods to collect data is that the respondents may not answer the questions truthfully and the questions may be ambiguous. Summary of finding Literature review have shown that the Rastafarian religion was formed in 1930 by a group of Rasta’s and from that time until now it have been widespread throughout the world. The Rastafarian movement is said to be a male dominated religion with about 92% of the members of this religion been male and a small 8% been female. Rasta’s are expected to be purity and righteous people and are not expected to eat any & everything thus they eat what is  known as ital food as been part of their main diet to remain healthy & fit. The ganja is one of the most recognized symbols of the Rastafarian and thus is smoke in abundance by them and all some none Rasta’s as they said it help them to meditate. The marijuana is not only use for smoking by the Rasta’s but they use it as medicine and they also use it in worship to get closer to God. The word jah is used in the everyday life of the Rasta’s and also non Rasta’s whether in worship when reaching out to th eir supreme being Haile Selassie or in their every life talking. The word jah has become a profound word use by almost every entertainer in the music industry today in their songs whether Rasta or non Rasta and is seen printed on buildings and vehicles of Rasta’s and non Rasta’s. Unlike the word jah the Rastafarian flag is seen printed on the buildings & vehicles of many Rastafarian living in the world today. The dread locks should be a symbol that as you see a Rasta you know that he or she is a real Rasta but it is not quite so in the world today, many person living in the world today tend to use the dreadlocks hair style as a fashion and not as a symbol of been part of the religious group. This is not good for the Rastafarian religion for if these imitators when out and do something which is not righteous or profound to the Rastafarian religion it would not only give this person a bad name but instead giving the Rastafarian religion a bad name. Many person today use the dreadlocks hair style & the Rastafarian religion as just a stepping stone for making money and one place where this is widely use is the entertainment industry. The Rastafarian religion today have not just benefited Rastafarian alone but also non Rasta as during the fast tourist season such as the summer time many person make arts of the Rastafarian symbols & other instrument of the Rastafarian movement and sell it to tourist to make a living and also some men tend to Rasta up their hair to become marketable to the tourist as it is said that tourist love and cherish Rasta men and are willing to pay for their service sex wise.

High School and School Valedictorian Competition Essay

In the essay, â€Å"The Joy of Graduating† by Kate Stone Lombardi, describes the traditional high school valedictorian competition with the most prestigious students. The fight for the position of valedictorian has intensified over the years. Danielle Gorman, an elected valedictorian at Moorestown High School in New Jersey, was quoted by Lombardi of the qualifications and standards it took to become valedictorian. The traits Gorman describes common to valedictorians were taking on too much and are unwilling to fail. I think that Gorman’s assessment is reasonable because many people who strive to become valedictorian take on â€Å"more than they can chew† by taking multiple advanced placement classes to extracurricular activities in and outside of school. My senior class in high school had very competitive students when it came down to ASB or any student elections. Each student who participated was usually the overachiever; they took multiple AP classes, team captains of the sports’ teams, and public speakers for all school events. Each student tried to work harder and prove that he or she could attempt to accomplish more than one another. The students knew that having the title in high school would set them apart from everyone else so that they could have a higher ranking along with using their popularity to their advantage in gaining that title. The idea of getting this title would overwhelm students so much that it would cause more stress on themselves on top of the classes they were already taking. Because of our school’s competitiveness it was difficult to decide one individual for valedictorian. When it was time to decide who would become the valedictorian, there were two top students whom our class thought would fit the winning spot. One of the students was a girl named Asal, who was elected senior class president for ASB. The other student was a boy named Henock, who was also elected in ASB but for the school president. Both students had superb grades close to a 5. 0 gpa and they both participated in every on and off campus school event. Each of them had many responsibilities. They each would do their part to help the school community when it came to any projects or tutoring. They set a great example for the student body to look up to. They wounded up the crowds during athletic games and pep rallies with incredible school spirit. They each would help come up with ideas and themes for dances, along with helping our school clubs with fundraisers and events such as blood drives. They would help put up flyers and make announcements to make the students aware of fundraisers and activities that were constantly going on at school. They would try to help get the whole school more involved by creating fun games and contests going on during lunch to make sure that everyone felt like they were a part of something no matter what grade level they were in. They had all this pressure coming down on them with all these school activities, along with their school work. They felt the need to accomplish these tasks in order to get into their dream college so this would help them feel a little more secure that they would be accepted. It was incredible that they were able to complete these tasks as full time students and it must have been mentally and physically exhausting. Our student body recognized their hard work and accomplishments so we naturally put them on a pedestal. The senior class knew that one of these remarkable scholars could be elected valedictorian. I personally encountered experiences with them both on how stressful it was for them to undertake so many duties. I had a couple of classes with each of the presidents, and I started to witness each of them become more stressed out as more and more talk went around the school about who would become the valedictorian. They took the initiative to work ten times harder in class and pushed to receive perfect scores on tests and projects to raise their overall grade, so their percentage would help raise their gpa. They took on so many extracurricular activities that they had no social life outside of school and struggled to keep up with everything going on. They were pushing themselves to the limit to be the best they could be. This soon turned into a chaotic competition between the two most prestigious students in our senior class. Once graduation day had finally arrived, we were anxious to see whose hard work and commitment had paid off. Everyone was sitting in their assigned seats, clothed in their cap and gown anxiously waiting for the speeches to be presented. I was looking around the stage to see who was chosen for the class valedictorian, but I couldn’t seem to spot out Henock or Asal anywhere. The principal was the first to give out the welcome speech. He presented a few awards and gave out some words of wisdom to the present senior class. Finally, at the end of his speech he announced that it was time to name our senior class’ valedictorian. Everyone moved around their seats anxiously trying to see who would be honored with this great achievement. The principal then surprised us with a statement none of us expected. There were to be two valedictorians honored this year because of their outstanding gpa and wide variety of extracurricular activities. Henock and Asal both gained the winning spot that they were each competing for. These two candidates spent their high school career taking various AP courses and being active participants in the school community in order to set themselves apart from the crowd and gained the honorable title of valedictorian. Little did they know that apparently their gpa’s were only a hundredth of a point apart. The principal explained that Henock actually had the overall higher gpa, but he felt that because of Asal’s hard work and effort she should deserve the same recognition. Needless to say our whole senior class was pretty shocked. We noticed how hard working and competitive these two had gotten to try to be valedictorian and yet both of them received the winning spot. Our school traditionally only had one valedictorian chosen each year so it caught us off guard that there were two valedictorians. It was ironic that they were both competing so hard against one another when all this hard work they accomplished still got them the credit they deserved. When the speeches were to be given out by our two valedictorians, I was expecting for Henock and Asal to compete for a better speech as well because I thought that since there is traditionally one valedictorian, they would still try to go head to head at who could give a better and more inspiring speech. But to my surprise they each gave out their congratulatory response to one another within their speech. In Henock’s speech, he acknowledged that Asal was a great inspiration and motivation for him to try harder in his classes and to exceed even his own expectations because that was how he perceived how she was in her classes. He admitted that he looked up to her with great respect and that she definitely deserved to be valedictorian whether or not he was chosen with her. Asal was very grateful and said a few great admiring words about him to show her appreciation towards him and his hard work. The fact that my high  school had two valedictorians did seem to be out of the ordinary for my senior class, but it certainly was deserved to the right people. Danielle Gorman describes the traits of a valedictorian to take one more tasks and harder classes with the drive to not fail. My classmates Henock and Asal indeed had that drive and it paid off well for the both of them and they each were appreciative that they got to share that number one spot with each other. Although they went head to head with each other trying to achieve the same goal, they were in it to win it and they did.

Business Proposal for the Launching Commercialisation of Tropical Health Drink

Business Proposal for the Launching Commercialisation of Tropical Health Drink Business Description Since it was founded in 2005, Tropical Coffee House (TCH) has become one of the most preferred small-sized establishments for people who like to blend unique leisure experiences with the art of healthy living. Headquartered in London, TCH operates several other outlets in Essex, Kent and Surrey in line with its core mission of taking memorable experiences and quality services to the customers’ doorstep.Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on Business Proposal for the Launching Commercialisation of Tropical Health Drink specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More TCH has enjoyed huge popularity among young and working class high-end customers who enjoy spending for quality and experience, rather than quantity and price leadership. TCH is embedded in a family business model, although it has over the years shed off the family tag by recruiting professionals based on merit and engaging in efficient manageme nt of key resources to remain competitive in today’s dynamic markets (Sirmon Hitt 2003). TCH offers a wide range of products and services, which include blended coffee, diet-sensitive burgers and hotdogs, organic and fruit concentrate health drinks, cakes, sauna baths and gym facilities. Most of its existing products and services are priced at a premium to penetrate the upper-end consumer market segment which remains substantially underrepresented in most European markets. Recently, the company’s management undertook customer satisfaction surveys and found that most high-end consumers are attracted to health drinks prepared using â€Å"high protein† and â€Å"natural† products (Jacobsen 2015). Having seen this as an opportunity for growth, the company’s management and selected beverage professionals have been working on the formulation of a product that uses â€Å"high protein† and â€Å"natural† ingredients to develop a high-value h ealth drink. These efforts have produced a new product known as Tropical Health. TCH has also seen the need to blend the new product with different natural flavours (e.g., orange, strawberry, lemon, vanilla etc) to provide consumers with choices and enhance diversification (Barett, Balloun, Weinstein 2000).  The main objective of this business proposal is to demonstrate how Tropical Health will be launched into the market and also to seek for financial and managerial support from potential backers. Investors in the industry might want to know why TCH is keen on diversifying its health products at the expense of more traditional products such as blended coffee and diet-sensitive burgers. The truth of the matter is that contemporary consumers have become more health-conscious and available literature demonstrates that there is a huge market for products developed using high protein and natural ingredients (Jacobsen 2015). Business Opportunities Potential Customers Tropical Health w ill target high-end, health-conscious consumers who have the means to sample the best that the market has to offer. The company is targeting customers who want to spend their money on innovative products that provide substantial health benefits in spite of their premium cost. This market segment is substantially underutilised in the United Kingdom (U.K.) as most companies in the sector target low and middle-class consumers.Advertising Looking for proposal on project management? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Consequently, the targeting of this consumer market will enhance customer value by assisting the company to fulfil the needs of this particular segment. It will also assist TCH to become more popular and to develop a reputation for its Tropical Health brand, hence creating competitive advantage (McMillan 2013). Geographical Area TCH intends to launch Tropical Health in its London establishment, although there is a possibility for expanding into other outlets in Essex, Kent and Surrey depending on initial demand. London has a wide range of high-end customers due to its reputation as a business and commercial hub. Additionally, the city is densely populated and is also known as the preferred destination for international conferences that bring together moneyed delegates from all over the world (Lewisham Business n.d.; London n.d.). As such, potential investors should realise that TCH has a high potential to succeed in launching its high-protein health drink due to city’s population dynamics, socioeconomic endowment, and reputation as a global business hub. Business Competitors Although the U.K. experiences high competition in the health drinks industry (Creating New Choices 2014), only a few companies specialise in the production of fleshly squeezed juice with 100% fruit content equivalent. Some hotel establishments such as The Ivy, River Cafe, Cibo and Fat Boys are known to provide v arious variants of fruit juice and health drinks to high-end consumers within London and its environs. Most of these competitors have a huge capital base and have been in operation for a long time. However, research demonstrates that these competitors rely on organic and energy-boosting ingredients to make their health products despite the fact that health-conscious customers are increasingly being attracted to high-protein health drinks (Jacobsen 2015). This strength serves to guarantee potential investors and managerial professionals that, although the competition for the health drinks market in the U.K. may be stiff, there are still areas that can provide excellent opportunities for growth if TCH becomes keen on exploiting prevailing consumer needs and expectations (Stokes Wilson 2010). Marketing Strategy Costing and Pricing Launching a new product often occasion managerial challenges due to difficulties in setting the appropriate costing and pricing budgets (Luan Sudhir 2010). TCH has identified how products with similar attributes have historically responded to the variables of costing, as demonstrated below. It is important to note that pricing of the new product will be premium-based not only to recover costs but also to achieve alignment with intended target customers.Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on Business Proposal for the Launching Commercialisation of Tropical Health Drink specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Table 1: Costing for Tropical Health Cost Description Amount Fixed costs Costs that TCH must pay irrespective of the quantity of the health drink produced or sold (e.g., rent, insurance, advertising/promotion) â‚ ¬260,000 Variable costs Costs that fluctuate directly with the level of business activity or sales, such as raw materials costs, production costs, and labour costs â‚ ¬550,000 Total â‚ ¬810,000 Sales Projection Based on the previous sales of T CH’s organic health drinks, it is estimated that the company will sell â‚ ¬1.5 million worth of Tropical Health in the first two years of production. Sales are projected to grow at 30 percent annually for the next three to six years. Potential investors might query how these figures have been formulated. It is important to note that the estimations are based on the ready market for high-protein health drinks (Jacobsen 2015), as well as the actual sales realised by TCH in its organic health drinks segment. Marketing Plan Product: Tropical Health fulfils customers’ needs due to its immense health benefits. Place: TCH intends to use its main outlet in London as the preferred distribution channel for launching the new product. However, depending on demand, TCH will use its other establishments to reach a wider customer base and projected sales objectives. Price: Tropical Health will be priced at a premium as it targets high-end consumers. Although the price of the new p roduct will be determined by factors such as production costs, market share and target customers, the underlying justification is to price it at a premium to achieve product and customer differentiation (Barett et al. 2000). Promotion: TCH will use viral marketing and word-of-mouth to advertise the new product with the view to not only differentiating it from competitors but also developing a good relationship with customers (Barett Weinstein 2015). It is important to satisfy potential investors by underscoring that the preferred promotional tools are cost-effective and easy to use (Barett et al. 2000; Luan Sudhir 2010).Advertising Looking for proposal on project management? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Business Operations Operational Function Although TCH operates under a family business model, it has six professional managers with wide experience, master’s level education, and other key competencies in entrepreneurship. The company has adopted an innovative management style, whereby work-flows are results-oriented and senior manager always strive to develop new and better ways of doing things (Benfari 2004; Armstrong 2009). TCH intends to use competitive recruitment to hire three more food and drink specialists to assist it in blending high-protein natural ingredients for use in the new product. Competitive recruitment will also be used to hire two senior managers and several support members to oversee the commercialisation of the new product. Most managerial decisions are made through consultation, though a few important ones must be sanctioned by TCH’s founder. Finally, managers and employees are compensated and rewarded based on education, responsibilities, and i ndividual productivity. Products and Services Offered TCH can be termed as a small enterprise interested in the provision of premium-priced products and services (e.g., blended coffee, diet-sensitive burgers, health drinks, cakes, sauna baths and gym facilities) to lock into the high-end market segment. Tropical Health product will be a new addition to the company’s staple. The new product is intended to satisfy an emerging market for high-protein and naturally blended health drinks (Jacobsen 2015). Personnel TCH utilises Mintzberg Five Parts of an Organisation model to not only recruit employees into respective areas of the business, but also to ensure alignment of human capital between and among the sections. This model will be utilised in the development, launch and sale of the new product. The five parts include (1) the operating core which is responsible for performing the basic work of developing the new product by securing inputs, processing them and arranging for the product’s distribution to customers, (2) the strategic apex which is responsible for formulating and implementing strategies that are designed to facilitate the achievement of organisational objectives, (3) the middle line managers who are responsible for linking the strategic apex to the operating core by managing information flows up and down the hierarchy and by coordinating the work of junior staff, (4) the techno-structure which consists of food and drinks specialists who are responsible for setting the standards relating to work processes, outputs and skills, and (5) the support staff who are responsible for providing back-up services to other components of the organisation (Quader 2007; Armstrong 2009). Finances Revenues It is expected that the launch and commercialisation of Tropical Health will bring approximately â‚ ¬1.5 million in sales revenues within the first two years of business. TCH’s organic-based health drinks brought â‚ ¬800 million in profits within the first two years, implying that the new venture is bound to impact positively on the company’s bottom-line. Going by the high demand for high-protein, naturally-blended health drinks in the market today (Jacobsen 2015), it is anticipated that the sales revenues for the new product may surpass â‚ ¬2 million within the first two years if senior management adopts an effective marketing mix and if the company serves a wider geographical reach (Barett Weinstein 2015). These sales revenues justify why potential backers should consider investing in the launching and commercialisation of the new product. Expenses Fixed and variable costs for the launching and commercialisation of Tropical Health product are around â‚ ¬810,000. If provisions for unforeseen expenses are made, it is correct and justifiable to argue that all expenses for the launch and commercialisation of Tropical Health will not surpass the â‚ ¬1 million mark. These expenses are viable for a small business enterprise that wants to make it big in the high-end consumer market. However, financial and managerial support is needed from potential backers to offset these costs and spur the product line into profitability. Financial Projections Owing to the prevailing high demand for high-protein, naturally-blended heath drinks not only in London but also in other major cities in Europe (Jacobsen 2015), it is expected that the sales revenues for the new product will grow at annual rate of 30 percent for the next three to six years after the launch of the new product. It is projected that TCH will be able to attract potential investors, who will finance all activities related to the new product for the next 12 to 24 months in return for a 10 percent stake of the product’s net revenues for the next five years. Alternatively, potential investors may undertake a 50 percent equity financing in return for a 5.5 percent stake of the product’s net for the next three years. Thes e arrangements are critical in helping TCH to expand its product offerings to other areas and outlets within eight to twelve months after launch with the view to becoming a market leader in the provision of high-protein, naturally-blended health drinks to the high-end consumer segment. Reference List Armstrong, M 2009, Armstrong’s handbook of human resource management practice, 11th edn, Kogan Page, London. Barett, H, Balloun, J Weinstein, A 2000, ‘Marketing mix factors as moderators of the corporate entrepreneurship-business performance relationship: A multistage multivariate analysis’, Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, vol. 8 no. 2, pp. 50-61. Barett, H Weinstein, A 2015, ‘Corporate entrepreneurship, the marketing mix, and business performance’, Proceedings of the Academy of Marketing Science, vol. 46 no. 1, pp. 144-150. Benfari, RC 2004, Understanding and changing your management style, Jossey-Bass, San Francisco, CA. Creating new choice s: The 2014 UK soft drinks report 2014, britishsoftdrinks.com/write/mediauploads/bsda_annual_report_2014.pdf. Jacobsen, J 2015, ‘2015 new product development outlook’, Beverage Industry, vol. 106 no. 1, pp. 56-65. Lewisham business growth strategy 2013-2023: Strengthening Lewisham’s economy by creating growth and local jobs n.d., https://www.lewisham.gov.uk/mayorandcouncil/aboutthecouncil/strategies/Documents/LewishamBusinessGrowthStrategy2013-2023.pdf. London: A destination guide for associations n.d., http://cdn.londonandpartners.com/cvb/files/LP%20Association%20Directory_Interactive.pdf. Luan, YJ Sudhir, K 2010, ‘Forecasting marketing-mix responsiveness for new products’, Journal of Marketing Research, vol. 47 no. 3, pp. 444-457. McMillan, J 2013, The importance of market segments, mcmillantech.co.uk/articles/MarketSegments.pdf. Quader, MS 2007, ‘Human resource management issues as growth barriers in professional service firm SMEs’, Journal of Services Research, vol. 7 no. 2, pp. 115-161. Sirmon, DG Hitt, MA 2003, ‘Managing resources: Linking unique resources, management and wealth creation on family firms’, Entrepreneurship: Theory Practice, vol. 27 no. 4, pp. 339-358. Stokes, D Wilson, N 2010, Small business management and entrepreneurship, 6th edn, Cengage Learning, Boston, MA.

Biography of Emmett Till, Victim of Lynching

Biography of Emmett Till, Victim of Lynching Emmett Till (July 25, 1941–August 21, 1955) was 14 years old when two white Mississippians killed him for allegedly whistling at a white woman. His death was brutal, and his killers acquittal shocked the world. His lynching galvanized the civil rights movement as activists dedicated themselves to ending the conditions that had led to Tills death. Fast Facts: Emmet Till Known For: 14-year-old victim of lynching whose death galvanized the civil rights movementAlso Known As:  Emmett Louis TillBorn:  July 25, 1941 in Argo, IllinoisParents: Mamie Till-Mobley and Louis TillDied:  August 21, 1955 in Money, MississippiNotable Quote about Emmet Till: I thought about Emmett Till, and I could not go back. My legs and feet were not hurting, that is a stereotype. I paid the same fare as others, and I felt violated. I was not going back. –Rosa Parks Early Childhood Emmett Louis Till was born on July 25, 1941, in Argo, Illinois., a town outside of Chicago. Emmetts mother Mamie left his father, Louis Till, while he was still a baby. In 1945, Mamie Till received word that Emmetts father had been killed in Italy. She did not learn of the exact circumstances until after Emmetts death, when Mississippi Senator James O. Eastland, in an effort to reduce sympathy for Emmets mother, revealed to the press that he had been executed for rape. In her book, Death of Innocence: The Story of the Hate Crime That Changed America, Tills mother Mamie Till-Mobley, recounts her sons childhood. He spent his early years surrounded by a large family. When he was 6 years old, he contracted polio. Though he recovered, it left him with a stutter that he struggled to overcome throughout his youth. Childhood Mamie and Emmett spent some time in Detroit but moved to Chicago when Emmett was around 10. She had remarried at this point but left her husband when she learned of his infidelity. Mamie Till describes Emmett as adventurous and independent-minded even when he was a young child. An incident when Emmett was 11 also reveals his courage.  Mamies estranged husband came by their home and threatened her. Emmett stood up to him, grabbing a butcher knife to defend his mother if necessary. Adolescence By his mothers account, Emmett was a responsible young man as a preteen and teenager. He often took care of the house while his mother was at work. Mamie Till called her son meticulous. He was proud of his appearance and figured out a way to steam his clothes on the radiator. But he also had time for fun. He loved music and enjoyed dancing. He had a strong group of friends back in Argo whom he would take the streetcar to see on the weekends. And, like all kids, he dreamed of his future. Emmett told his mother once that he wanted to be a motorcycle policeman when he grew up. He told another relative he wanted to be a baseball player. Trip to Mississippi Tills mothers family was originally from Mississippi and she still had family there, specifically an uncle, Mose Wright. When Till was 14, he went on a trip during his summer vacation to see his relatives there. Till had spent his entire life in or around Chicago and Detroit, cities that were segregated, but not by law. Northern cities like Chicago were segregated because of the social and economic consequences of discrimination. As such, they did not have the same sort of rigid customs relating to race that were found in the South. Emmetts mother warned him that the South was a different environment. She cautioned him to be careful and to humble himself to the whites in Mississippi if necessary. Accompanied by his 16-year-old cousin Wheeler Parker Jr., Till arrived in Money, Mississippi, on August 21, 1955. The Events Preceding Emmet Tills Brutal Murder On Wednesday, August 24, Till and seven or eight cousins went by Bryant Grocery and Meat Market, a white-owned store that mainly sold goods to the African-American sharecroppers in the area. Carolyn Bryant, a 21-year-old white woman, was working at the cash register while her husband, a trucker, was on the road. Emmett and his cousins were in the parking lot chatting, and Emmett, in a youthful boast, bragged to his cousins that he had a white girlfriend back in Chicago. What happened next is unclear. His cousins do not agree whether someone dared Emmett to go into the store and get a date with Carolyn. Emmett did, however, go into the store and purchased bubble gum. To what extent he attempted to flirt with Carolyn is also unclear. Carolyn changed her story on several occasions, suggesting at various times that he said, Bye, baby, made lewd comments, or whistled at her as he left the store. His cousins reported that he, in fact, whistled at Carolyn, and they left when she went to her car, apparently to get a gun. His mother suggests that he may have whistled in an attempt to overcome his stutter; he sometimes would whistle when he became stuck on a word. Whatever the context, Carolyn chose to keep the encounter from her husband, Roy Bryant. He learned of the incident from local gossip- a young African-American teenager apparently being so bold with a white woman was unheard of. Tills Murder At around 2 a.m. on August 28, Roy Bryant and his half-brother John W. Milam went to Wrights house and pulled Till out of bed. They kidnapped him, and local farmhand Willie Reed saw him in a truck with around six men (four whites and two African-Americans) at around 6 a.m. Willie was on his way to the store, but as he walked away he heard Tills screams. Three days later, a boy fishing in the Tallahatchie River 15 miles upstream from Money found Emmetts body. Emmett had been tied to a fan from a cotton gin that weighed around 75 pounds. He had been tortured before being shot. Till was so unrecognizable that his great-uncle Mose was only able to identify his body from the ring he was wearing (a ring that had belonged to his father). The Effect of Leaving the Casket Open Mamie was informed that her son had been found on September 1. She refused to go to Mississippi and insisted that her sons body be shipped to Chicago for burial. Emmetts mother made the decision to have an open-casket funeral so that everyone could see what they have done to my boy. Thousands came to see Emmetts badly beaten body, and his burial was delayed until September 6 to make room for the crowds. Jet  magazine, in its September 15 edition, published a photo of Emmetts battered body lying on a funeral slab.  The Chicago Defender  also ran the photo. Tills mothers decision to make public this photo galvanized African-Americans across the country, and his murder made the front page of newspapers all over the world. Scott Olson /  Getty Images The Trial Roy Bryants and J.W. Milams trial started on September 19 in Sumner, Mississippi. The two main witnesses for the prosecution, Mose Wright and Willie Reed, identified the two men as having been the ones to kidnap Till. The trial lasted five days, and the jury spent a little over an hour in deliberation, reporting that it took so long because they paused to have a soda. They acquitted Bryant and Milam. Immediate Protest Reaction Protest rallies took place in major cities across the country after the verdict. The Mississippi press reported that one even occurred in Paris, France. Bryant Grocery and Meat Market eventually went out of business. Ninety percent of its customers were African-American, and they boycotted the place. Confession On January 24, 1956, a magazine published the detailed confessions of Bryant and Milam, who reportedly received $4,000 for their stories. They admitted to killing Till, knowing that they could not be retried for his murder because of  double jeopardy. Bryant and Milam said they did it to make an example out of Till, to warn others of his kind to not come down to the South. Their stories solidified their guilt in the publics mind. In 2004, the U.S. Justice Department reopened the case of Tills murder, based on the idea that more men than just Bryant and Milam- who by that point had died- were involved in Tills murder. No further charges were filed, however. Legacy Rosa Parks  said of her refusal to move to the back of a bus (in the segregated South, the front of the bus was reserved for whites): I thought of Emmett Till, and I just couldnt go back. Parks was not alone in her sentiment. Many famous figures including Cassius Clay and Emmy Lou Harris describe this event as a turning point in their activism. The image of Tills battered body in his open casket served as a rallying cry for African-Americans who joined the  civil rights movement  to ensure there would be no more Emmett Tills. Sources Feldstein, Ruth.  Motherhood in Black and White: Race and Sex in American Liberalism, 1930-1965. Cornell University Press, 2000.Houck, Davis W. and Matthew A. Grindy.  Emmett Till and the Mississippi Press. University Press of Mississippi, 2008.Till-Mobley, Mamie and Christopher Benson.  Death of Innocence: The Story of the Hate Crime That Changed America. Random House, Inc., 2004.Waldrep, Christopher.  African Americans Confront Lynching: Strategies of Resistance from the Civil War to the Civil Rights Era. Rowman Littlefield, 2009.

Terrorism and its effects Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Terrorism and its effects - Essay Example mber 11th, 2001 but the roots of it go back a long way in the Seventeenth century and terrorism one way or the other, on perhaps a bigger or a smaller scale was taking place in different parts of the world in the name of religion, sects and creed since then. ‘Terrorism’ has been referred to as ‘Extremism’ a gazillion times and perhaps that definition given to it can be considered because it defines the mindset behind it and the reasons why it is employed. Human life is of no value under the mindset of an individual who has been brainwashed with such intensity that he is convinced to relinquish his own life along with others. Carnage can never be the best vengeance or perhaps a way to prove the dignity of any religion because every religion promotes peace and conservation of Human life in the best way possible. Sometimes it’s even hard to make out what this concept holds for us in reality besides bloodshed and fear; nevertheless what’s worth looking into is the motive of these people who become a part of this horrid world (Linden, 2006). Terrorism in the most apparent manner has taken place globally in the form of Bomb blasts, which are also categorized into many forms such as suicide bombing and planted bombs with detonators which gives the terrorists an open opportunity to press the button to immense carnage bearing in mind the right time and place while having a particular target. After the horrific attacks that took place in New York, an active response was given back to ‘Terrorism’ in the form of ‘War on terrorism’ led by the United States of America and the purpose of which is to fight back with all the courage and to do whatever it takes to eradicate terrorism and related crimes. Many leading countries are now a part of the ‘War on Terrorism’ in order to face the challenges and primarily to save humanity from such ugly theories and viewpoints becoming reality (Halper & Clarke, 2004). Terrorism, over the years has been able to affect