Supreme Court of the United States Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Supreme Court of the United States - Assignment Example ?s case is consistent with ‘narrowly tailored’ use to achieve diversity and other factor to qualification are equally significant to the applicants’ selection process. Consequently, the use of race is not an isolated factor to selection and this undermines discrimination of applicants from minority races. The case of Grantz, however, fails to identify the ‘narrowly tailored’ application and instead offers advantage to applicants from minority races. This is because the university offers additional 20 percent points to applicants from minority races, a factor that makes race an isolated and significant factor to qualification. The ‘narrowly tailored’ concept therefore establishes constitutionality of the university’s provisions under the Grutter case but unconstitutionality under the Grantz case (Supreme Court of the United States 4; Supreme Court of the United States1 31). Lee Bolinger was sued in both cases because he is an agent to the artificial person and therefore acts on behalf of the institution. He is therefore not sued on his personal capacity but on capacities of the positions that he held at the times that interests on the case arose. In the Grutter case, for example, he is sued in the capacity of the Dean of the Law School and the capacity of the University’s president while in the case of Grants, he is sued in his capacity as the University’s president. Supreme Court of the United States. â€Å"Jennifer Grantz and Patrick Hamacher, petitioners v. Lee Bollinger et al., No. 02-516.† Supreme Court of the United States. N.d. Web. February 17, 2015. . Supreme Court of the United States1. â€Å"Barbara Grutter, petitioner v. Lee Bbollinger et al.† Supreme Court of the United States. N.d. Web. February 17, 2015.

Compare and contrast the romantic relationship Essay

Compare and contrast the romantic relationship - Essay Example In the movie The Princess Diaries 2: Royal Engagement, the love is illogical because it shows a false dichotomy by forcing Princess Mia to choose either Andrew Jacoby or Nicholas Devereaux to be her future husband; in contrast, â€Å"Love is a Fallacy† does not reveal true love because the character chose love based on logic. These two love stories reveal that love can be logical, illogical, or emotional, and therefore may not always be true love. The movie The Princess Diaries 2: Royal Engagement is about Genovia’s Princess Mia Thermopolis, who has to find a husband so that she can take her grandmother’s place as the Queen of Genovia. Mia starts to find a man that meets her ideal criteria as a husband. From all of the men that have been introduced to her, she discovers Andrew Jacoby, the Duke of Kenilworth. She starts to date Andrew but then discovers Nicholas Devereaux. Mia and Nicholas always fight but while they are fighting, their love starts to grow. There is a dilemma inside Princess Mia’s heart: to choose Andrew or Nicholas. This situation seems illogical because when people are in love there are no concrete reasons for why they are in love. Princess Mia would choose Andrew because he is the Duke of Kenilworth and she would become the queen of Genovia. When true love appears in someone’s life, they tend to act illogically and are unable to think straight. On the other hand, the purpose that Nicholas wants to be with Princess Mia is because his uncle wants him to become the King of Genovia for the benefit of their family. At first, Nicholas uses this logical thinking to get Princess Mia, but as the story progresses, he falls in love with her without using logic. He believes that he will lose Princess Mia because she will marry Andrew, but Princess Mia finally decides not to marry Andrew because he is not her true love. To express his feeling to Princess Mia, Andrew said, â€Å"You are, in fact. I am in love with the Queen-to-be, and

Hippotherapy and Cerebral Palsy

Hippotherapy and Cerebral Palsy Intervention Analysis Background Jane Walters is a five year old girl and has a diagnosis of left sided spastic hemiplegia, a form of Cerebral Palsy. Jane has two older sisters who attend horse riding lessons at their local stables. Jane has recently expressed an interest in joining them to her parents. However her parents are worried that because of her diagnosis she will not be able to keep up with her siblings. However Jane is very independent child and she doesnt believe that she is any different from other children of her age. Diagnosis Cerebral Palsy (CP) refers to non-progressive conditions characterised by impaired voluntary movement or posture, and resulting from prenatal developmental malformations or postnatal CNS damage (Reed, 2013, pp. 38-47). According to the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (2008), it is highly likely that a child with CP will have other medical disorders such as; cognitive impairments, seizures, delayed growth and development. Spastic syndromes such as Jane’s occur in more than 70 percent of CP cases. Spastic hemiplegia is a type of CP that typically affects the arm and hand on one side of the body, but can also include the leg. . The spasticity creates a state of resistance against any range of motion, this resistance ultimately increases with increasing speed of that movement (Reed, 2013, pp. 38-47). Children with spastic hemiplegia will generally walk later and on tiptoe because of high heel tendons. Often the arm and leg on the child’s affected side are shorter and thinner (National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke 2008). Impact of Right Hemisphere Brain Damage The primary cause of CP is damage to white matter of the brain this is often caused by abnormal brain development, a bleed on the brain, or brain damage caused by a lack of oxygen in the brain, generally caused by a difficult birth. Jane has left sided spastic hemiplegia, indicating that damage to the brain has occurred on the right hemisphere. It was felt important to consider additional complications related to right sided brain damage to ensure we are aware of Ellie’s level of functioning physically, cognitively and behaviourally. Those that may relate to Ellie’s case are listed below, however, it is important to recognise that each case must be treated individually; the symptoms and severity will vary for each individual. Attention Difficulty concentrating on a task or focusing on what is said or seen. Perception Visual perception deficits causing a person to have difficulty perceiving and processing any information on the left visual field (left-sided neglect). For example, individuals with right hemisphere damage may have difficulty with reading words on the left side of a page, eating food on the left side of their plate, or acknowledging the left side of their body Reasoning and problem solving: Difficulty identifying that there is a problem and generating solutions. Memory: Difficulty recalling previously learned information and learning new information. Social communication Difficulty interpreting abstract language such as metaphors, making inferences, and understanding jokes; and problems understanding nonverbal cues and following the rules of communication Organisation: Difficulty with systematically arranging information and planning, which is often reflected in communication difficulties, such as trouble telling a story with events in the right order, maintaining a topic during conversation. Insight Difficulty recognizing problems and the impact on daily functioning. Orientation: Difficulty recalling the date, time, or place. The individual may also be disoriented to self (ASHA 2014). Medical Considerations for Therapeutic Riding People with cerebral palsy have difficulty coordinating and producing purposeful, functional movements. Some people have too much muscle tone, such as those with spasticity. Their muscles hold their limbs in rather stiff postures and it is difficult to relax these muscles. Thus, the rider cannot move his limbs easily except in the direction the spastic muscles pull. Other types of tone abnormalities include fluctuating tone, as seen in athetoid cerebral palsy and hypotonia, or too little tone. Tone is an elusive thing to quantify. Using treatment techniques to temporarily make tone more normal does not suddenly result in normal, coordinated movement patterns. In fact, increased tone may be the result of pathologic weaknesses in other muscle groups coupled with the normal human desire to move. Muscle fibers are known to change over time, resulting in increasing, age-related difficulty in maintaining posture. It may be true that abnormal tone, especially spasticity, is an abnormal response to normal sensation, such as touch and movement sensation. Orthopedic problems occur in people with cerebral palsy, perhaps partly because of the interaction of the abnormal neurologic system with the muscles, joints and soft tissues. The abnormal, usually asymmetrical pull of spastic muscles coupled with lack of normal movement and weightbearing can result in progressive scoliosis and dislocating hips. Other joints, such as wrists, elbows, knees and ankles, can lose flexibility and range of motion. Despite these factors, the rhythmic motion, shape, warmth and inherently motivating quality of the horse can be helpful to people with cerebral palsy throughout their lives. Therapeutic riding can facilitate cognitive and sensorimotor development in childhood, help develop a sense of responsibility, self-confidence and fair play in adolescence and provide life-long recreation and sport. It can do all this while stimulating the good posture, balance and flexibility needed for functional independence off the horse. Riding works best for maintaining range of motion and joint flexibility if a well-aligned, correct posture on the horse is always a goal. There is no substitute for a horse with good, symmetric movement. Many riders with cerebral palsy can achieve normal balance, posture and movement on a horse if the instructor takes a long, slow approach, focusing on posture and alignment. These are not therapy goals. Good posture, hands-free balance and a following seat are prerequisites to riding with ease and comfort for the rider and the horse. Riding sessions for people with cerebral palsy should never result in increased tone and discomfort. Ask the rider (family member or personal care assistant) how he feels after the session, when hes at home. Are the muscles relaxed or tight? If spasticity is worse after the session, decrease the amount of stimulation. Focus on less impulsion, more stretching and relaxation, more straight-line work and fewer circles. Use a horse with a wider base and a smoother walk. Offer an opportunity to sit and rest after dismounting. Try a saddle with a suede or synthetic cover so the riders seat and legs will stick to the saddle better, which will increase his stability and decrease stress. Recent articles by Ruth DismukeBlakely, SLP/CCC, in AHA News and NARHA News, indicate that the movement of the horse in hippotherapy sessions can increase the quantity, quality and volume of vocalization in the rider. For children with cerebral palsy, the horse is a wonderful motivation for speech, while the horses movement can improve the coordination of breathing, swallowing and sound production. The horse naturally motivates children with cerebral palsy to move, explore and touch. Using the horse as a large, gentle, rhytiunic and predictably moving gross-motor platform, where the child is invited and assisted to explore, can be even more useful than learning to ride. Instructors can encourage movement and hopefully disconnect it from the fear of failure. The result is self-confidence and courage on and off the horse. The rider with cerebral palsy benefits from advance preparation in many areas. Stretching before getting on the horse, as recommended by a physical therapist, can reduce the warm-up time on the horse. When practicing walk-halt transitions, the instructor or therapist can use: Prepare to walk, Prepare to halt, Get ready to whoa. These preparatory phrases allow the rider to prepare or set the posture needed to accomplish the task. If the rider has decreased or asymmetric range of motion at the hips and knees, select the horse that accommodates the problem so the rider can sit easily in good alignment without being pulled to one side. If the hip is partially dislocated (subluxed), the type of horse is essential. The lack of range of motion, spasticity, the horses natural shape and movement can all potentially worsen the subluxation. In general, the rider with cerebral palsy who has orthopedic problems at the hips or spine may benefit greatly from consultation with a physical therapist who can assist the instructor in creating an appropriate riding program. -Liz Baker, PT, NARHA Medical Commitfee Chairman http://www.cpparent.org/hippotherapy/articles/cp.htm Bissell, C. 2015. Cerebral Palsy and Therapeutic Riding [Online]. Available at: http://www.cpparent.org/hippotherapy/articles/cp.htm [Accessed: 29 April 2015]. Hippotherapy Hippotherapy is a form of physical, occupational and speech therapy that uses equine (horse) movement to develop and enhance neurological and physical functioning by channelling the movement of the horse. Hippotherapy is built on the concept that the individual’s neuromuscular development is enhanced when their body makes adjustments to the gait, tempo, rhythm, repetition and cadence of a horse’s movement. What is hippotherapy? In today’s world, children with cerebral palsy often benefit from several traditional treatments and therapies designed to greatly enhance his or her abilities, and by extension, his or her quality of life. Some therapies – such as physical therapy – are commonly deployed for those with mobility and function impairment. But others, like equine therapy – also known as hippotherapy – take an unconventional path in the effort to increase a child’s physical strength and cognitive capabilities. Based on the concept that humans with physical challenges can benefit from both learned and spontaneous reactions while riding a horse, hippotherapy was conceived in the 1960s and used primarily in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland as a companion to more established treatments. Hippotherapy was recognized in the United States in the 1980s as a therapy that not only helps patients with neuromuscular dysfunction increase physical strength and cognitive ability, but also offers the individual a chance to take advantage of an enjoyable activity that contributes to a positive therapeutic experience. Hippotherapy is a form of physical, occupational and speech therapy that uses equine movement to develop and enhance neurological and physical functioning by channeling the movement of the horse. Hippotherapy is not to be confused with therapeutic horseback riding, in which individuals are taught specific riding skills. Hippotherapy is built on the concept that the individual and variable gait, tempo, rhythm, repetition and cadence of a horse’s movement can influence human neuromuscular development in humans. Horseback riding triggers a series of complex physical and mental reactions; such as making physical adjustments to maintain proper alignment on the horse. Riders must also plan movements to maintain balance on the horse, and be able to interact with the animal. Hippotherapy, through equine movement, works by further developing physical and cognitive abilities, including: Strength Control Balance Posture Endurance Coordination Sensory integration Understanding of visual cues What are the benefits of hippotherapy? Hippotherapy can help children with cerebral palsy on several fronts. Interacting with the animal can lift a child’s spirits emotionally and psychologically while also providing valuable physical exercise as the child learns how to ride the horse properly. A horse’s gait has three-dimensional movement—equine movement–similar to a human that helps a child plan physical responses to the horse’s movement. Horeseback riding requires subtle adjustments and positioning to maintain proper balance and posture. Physical benefits include: Improved gross motor skills Trunk core strength Control of extremities Improved postural symmetry Reduced abnormal muscle tone Respiratory control Cognitive benefits include: Improved attention Visual coordination Sensory input Tactile response Improved timing and grading of responses Improved ability to express thoughts, needs Psychological benefits include: Enjoyable interactions with the animal Opportunities for social interaction Improved self-esteem When is hippotherapy advised? There is no specific age, or point in a child’s therapy, that dictates when or if a child would benefit from hippotherapy. Children as young as two years old, and teens, have benefitted significantly from hippotherapy. The decision to employ hippotherapy will be based on several factors, including whether a child’s specific physical and cognitive challenges could be improved by this therapy, and whether mitigating physical and cognitive conditions exist that would preclude a child’s interaction with a horse. Because it is not likely to be among a child’s core therapies, hippotherapy is unlikely to be covered by many medical insurance plans. How is hippotherapy performed? A successful hippotherapy program incorporates the multi-dimensional movement of a horse with that of a human. The therapist will likely begin any course of treatment with an assessment of the child’s physical, cognitive and psychological abilities to gage whether hippotherapy is appropriate for a child, and what accommodations should be made if a child cannot sit on the horse in a conventional manner. Once a therapist has determined that hippotherapy is appropriate for a child, he or she will explain how sessions will unfold. Additionally, a child and his or her parents will also be given detailed instructions regarding how to physically interact with the horse, including: How to safely mount and dismount a horse How to utilize equipment, such as saddles What to expect regarding the horse movement After a child mounts the horse, it is the therapist’s job to strictly monitor and control the horse while the child is riding horseback. The therapist will walk alongside the horse to direct equine movement and modify movement in a way that is safe for the child. As the therapist monitors the horse, he or she is also monitoring the child to watch for changing physical reactions such as balance, control, strength and range of motion skills. Changes in physical reactions from the child are considered positive because when a child responds naturally to shifts in gait from the horse, it not only builds physical strength, but also vital connectivity in the brain. Because hippotherapy is practiced by physical, occupational and speech and language therapists, activities and goals in therapy may vary. Physical therapists tend to focus on improving gross motor skills, balance, and strength; occupational therapists focus on sensory processing, vestibular and proprioceptive issues, and speech therapists focus on communication Therapists will monitor the progress of a child, and make modifications to the child’s plan of treatment as needed. Where is hippotherapy performed? Hippotherapy generally takes place at specialized institutions, generally in a horse-farm setting. Because the children will eventually ride the horses, and they are encouraged to interact with the animals, special attention is paid to ensuring the environment is stress-free, friendly, and supportive for children and their families. Some programs are dedicated entirely to providing hippotherapy programs all year to the exclusion of other activities, and others will have occasional or seasonal programming during certain times of the year. Regionally, it can be challenging to find nearby programs because many horse farms are located in rural communities. Who provides hippotherapy? Those who practice hippotherapy are most often physical, occupational or speech and language therapists, and have met the rigorous educational and certification requirements to practice within those disciplines. See physical therapist, occupational therapist, and speech and language pathologists. In some cases, a hippotherapy practitioner may work closely with a professional horse trainer. The American Hippotherapy Association offers a multi-level educational program that aims to educate aspiring practitioners with a foundation of knowledge regarding how to work with both patients and horses. Certification in hippotherapy is open to physical, occupational and speech therapists that have practiced for three years in their field, and 100 hours of hippotherapy, through the AHA. Hippotherapy Clinical Specialty Certification can be obtained after the applicant sits for the HPCS examination. More information can be obtained at the AHA’s website, which also includes a list of hippotherapy educators and certified practitioners. The AHA’s educational and certification program addresses several concepts, including: Physical attributes of the horse Tacking and untacking of the horse Natural gait of the horse Unsoundness of horse movement Links between horse and human movement Emergency procedures and safety practices Selecting appropriate exercises Treatment plan effectiveness Creating quality and beneficial movements Relationship between treatment and functional outcomes HPCS certification is valid for five years; practitioners must then undergo a re-certification process. During this process, applicants must either retake the HPCS examination, or provide written evidence of 120 hours in additional coursework. Fifty percent of the work must be hippotherapy-based, 25 percent must be related to hippotherapy, and 25 percent must be related to the applicant’s professional discipline. Hippotherapy practitioners, depending on their professions, may utilize equine movement in different ways. Physical therapists may focus on cultivating strength ad balance in large muscles of the core, legs and arms; occupational therapists may focus on fine motor skills, cognitive functioning and sensory integration as it relates to everyday activities; and speech pathologists may focus on communication strategies that support speech and language, signing or other modes of communication. http://cerebralpalsy.org/about-cerebral-palsy/treatment/therapy/hippotherapy/ CerebralPalsy.org, 2015. Hippotherapy and Cerebral Palsy | Horse | CerebralPalsy.org [Online]. Available at: http://cerebralpalsy.org/about-cerebral-palsy/treatment/therapy/hippotherapy/ [Accessed: 29 April 2015].

Polymorphic & Cloning Computer Viruses :: essays research papers fc

Polymorphic & Cloning Computer Viruses The generation of today is growing up in a fast-growing, high-tech world which allows us to do the impossibilities of yesterday. With the help of modern telecommunications and the rapid growth of the personal computer in the average household we are able to talk to and share information with people from all sides of the globe. However, this vast amount of information transport has opened the doors for the computer "virus" of the future to flourish. As time passes on, so-called "viruses" are becoming more and more adaptive and dangerous. No longer are viruses merely a rarity among computer users and no longer are they mere nuisances. Since many people depend on the data in their computer every day to make a living, the risk of catastrophe has increased tenfold. The people who create computer viruses are now becoming much more adept at making them harder to detect and eliminate. These so-called "polymorphic" viruses are able to clone themselves and change themselves as they need to avoid detection. This form of "smart viruses" allows the virus to have a form of artificial intelligence. To understand the way a computer virus works and spreads, first one must understand some basics about computers, specifically pertaining to the way it stores data. Because of the severity of the damage that these viruses may cause, it is important to understand how anti-virus programs go about detecting them and how the virus itself adapts to meet the ever changing conditions of a computer. In much the same way as animals, computer viruses live in complex environments. In this case, the computer acts as a form of ecosystem in which the virus functions. In order for someone to adequately understand how and why the virus adapts itself, it must first be shown how the environment is constantly changing and how the virus can interact and deal with these changes. There are many forms of computers in the world; however, for simplicity's sake, this paper will focus on the most common form of personal computers, the 80x86, better known as an IBM compatible machine. The computer itself is run by a special piece of electronics known as a microprocessor. This acts as the brains of the computer ecosystem and could be said to be at the top of the food chain. A computer's primary function is to hold and manipulate data and that is where a virus comes into play. Data itself is stored in the computer via memory. There are two general categories for all memory: random access memory (RAM) and physical memory (hard and floppy diskettes).

How Soon Hath Time

HOW SOON HATH TIME- JOHN MILTON HOW SOON HATH TIME is a Petrarchan sonnet written by John Milton the famous English poet. It is a sonnet written on the 9th of December 1631. Typical of the Petrarchan sonnet, there is a tonal change as well as a change in the mood and emotions of the poet. The poem has an autobiographical touch. In the Octave, the poet laments the passage of 23 years of his life, especially the 23rd year. The sonnet begins with a tone of frustration and desperation. He suffers from the complex growing youngsters have. Time is pictured as a subtle thief of youth which has wings and it has carried away the 23 years of his life. His days are hurrying away in a rush. He is growing by age, but the spring of his life has seen no bud nor blossom. He fears that he has not achieved anything in his life despite crossing 23 years. In the second half of the octave, he states that though he has attained manhood, he does not look his age. He has that physical immaturity which has made him look very young and effeminate. He despairs of not only being unmasculine, but also a failure in life as a poet and also as a respectable man of high standing. Physical immaturity seems to go hand in hand with mental, psychological and intellectual immaturity. Though he is a man now, he does not have the mature looks nor does he find an inward ripeness. He feels sad that some people are so well endowed at the proper time. The word ENDOWED suddenly makes the poet realize the ‘one who endows'- God. Eventually the mood changes. There is an introspection and acceptance. He comes to terms with the reality. He feels that all he needs is time and necessarily, along with it ,the blessings of God. He would, one day, sooner or later, in a large amount or small, bless him. It is destiny, he realizes. He would indeed be blessed by God and his fortunes may change for the better. He decides to ‘stand and wait' in anticipation of the grace of God. He feels that right now, it is the destiny allotted by God and accordingly, he has to carry out his part of the duty and wait in patience. He dreams of a day when God blesses him in His own strictest measure. He would bless him with a sense of creativity so that he would bloom to be a better poet. He realizes that human beings are allotted to play their roles, to perform God's will. If he waits with patience, God's grace would be on him eternally. Sometimes less, sometimes more, it may vary, but the Almighty, the Power, would always remain up above, blessing him. So all he needs is Time, Patience and the will of Heaven. In the last line, the poet refers to God as a Taskmaster. A taskmaster's job is to extract work and God will make him strive hard so that one day he would be a greater poet; because that is what, he feels ,God intends him to be. If not today, perhaps someday, he will achieve what he dreamed of, the success he strived for and the glory he anticipated. He would certainly succeed as what he aspired to be. The sonnet ends with a tone of hope and consolation. Milton presents the same theme in ON HIS BLINDNESS. A parallel reference can be made of the lines from Shakespeare's AS YOU LIKE IT where he speaks that we are allotted to play our roles; to perform God's will. — † All the world's a stage and all men and women mere players

Communication Between Parents and Children Essays

Communication Between Parents and Children Essays Communication Between Parents and Children Essay Communication Between Parents and Children Essay The causes of the lack of communication between parents and children can have several causes: personal characteristics, distances, traumas, addictions etc. In the case of the story read, A Day s Wait, little Chats is sick: He was shivering, his face was white, and he walked slowly as though it ache to move; his father reacts Like any parent would react by asking if the child is not feeling well: Whats the matter, Chats; son responds by saying that he Just has a headache. A dad that Is more sensitive to the feelings of the son would have Insisted upon noting that the son does not appear to be feeling well. There Is parents who do not have facility to handle and deal with their childrens feelings, perhaps because he himself has gone through a salary situation, a trauma. The alcoholism can disrupt for obvious reasons: If the father cannot deal with their own feelings Imagine with other people. Distance and also Intuitive, depending on the availability of technologies. However these are not cases of history. In dealing with the consequences of the lack of communication between parents and children, these may vary between fights, more trauma, family breakdown, separation, misunderstandings, dislikes etc. In the case of this reading, one of the major consequences was the anguish in which the child spent all day: He lay still in the bed and Seemed very detached from what was going on. So, to avoid these situations, the best thing to do to and try to understand the other persons feelings, try to imagine what the other person is going through, insisting because sometimes when people go through bad situations they may find it difficult to express their feelings and end falling in a zone of bitterness. In the case of this story, the resolution left the question of the child: About what time do you think l m going to die?

Free Essays on John Mccain

John McCain’s 2000 Presidential Campaign Senator John McCain gave a powerful speech today for the Reagan Republican Party. He proclaimed he was the better candidate. He said â€Å"I will not padlock the Republican Party, and surrender the future of our nation to Speaker Gephardt and President Al Gore. He stood firm in his beliefs and brought strength to conservatives around the nation. He proclaimed that he will restore faith in those who have lost faith in the Republican Party. Evangelical leaders such as Chuck Colson and James Dobson were among praise but Pat Robertson and Jerry Falwell were revengefully attacked within the speech. The speech continued with religious views and tells a short story of how he belongs to a faith that â€Å"unites and never divides.† He wants to restore the people’s trust in the government and their pride in public service. He is â€Å"building a new Republican majority, a majority to serve the values that have long defined our party and made our county great.† He feels that no fear should be bestowed upon him because he will â€Å"honor his obligations to the old and young.† Although he is strongly Republican later in his speech he mentions that he would first cut taxes for those who need it most. He ends his speech with â€Å"Join us, and welcome anyone of good faith to our ranks. We should be- we must be- a party as big as the country we serve.†... Free Essays on John Mccain Free Essays on John Mccain John McCain’s 2000 Presidential Campaign Senator John McCain gave a powerful speech today for the Reagan Republican Party. He proclaimed he was the better candidate. He said â€Å"I will not padlock the Republican Party, and surrender the future of our nation to Speaker Gephardt and President Al Gore. He stood firm in his beliefs and brought strength to conservatives around the nation. He proclaimed that he will restore faith in those who have lost faith in the Republican Party. Evangelical leaders such as Chuck Colson and James Dobson were among praise but Pat Robertson and Jerry Falwell were revengefully attacked within the speech. The speech continued with religious views and tells a short story of how he belongs to a faith that â€Å"unites and never divides.† He wants to restore the people’s trust in the government and their pride in public service. He is â€Å"building a new Republican majority, a majority to serve the values that have long defined our party and made our county great.† He feels that no fear should be bestowed upon him because he will â€Å"honor his obligations to the old and young.† Although he is strongly Republican later in his speech he mentions that he would first cut taxes for those who need it most. He ends his speech with â€Å"Join us, and welcome anyone of good faith to our ranks. We should be- we must be- a party as big as the country we serve.†...

Sports Writing as a Form of Creative Nonfiction

Sports Writing as a Form of Creative Nonfiction Sports writing is a form of journalism or creative nonfiction  in which a sporting event, individual athlete, or sports-related issue serves as the dominant subject. A journalist who reports on sports is a sportswriter (or sports writer). In his foreword to  The Best American Sports Writing 2015, series editor Glenn Stout says that a really good sports story provides an experience that approaches the book experience- it takes you from one place youve never been before and by the end leaves you in another place, changed. Examples and Observations: The best sports stories are based not on interviews but on conversations- conversations with people who are sometimes reluctant, sometimes in the orneriest mood, often not the most glib or polished conversationalists.(Michael Wilbon, Introduction to The Best American Sports Writing 2012. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2012)W.C. Heinz on Bummy DavisIts a funny thing about people. People will hate a guy all his life for what he is, but the minute he dies for it they make him out a hero and they go around saying that maybe he wasnt such a bad guy after all because he sure was willing to go the distance for whatever he believed or whatever he was.Thats the way it was with Bummy Davis. The night Bummy fought Fritzie Zivic in the Garden and Zivic started giving him the business and Bummy hit Zivic low maybe 30 times and kicked the referee, they wanted to hang him for it. The night those four guys came into Dudys bar and tried the same thing, only with rods, Bummy went nuts again. He flattened the first one and then they shot him, and when everybody read about it, and how Bummy fought guns with only his left hook and died lying in the rain in front of the place, they all said he was really something and you sure had to give him credit at that. ...(W.C. Heinz, Brownsville Bum. True, 1951. Rpt. in What A Time It Was: The Best of W.C. Heinz on Sports. Da Capo Press, 2001) Gary Smith on Muhammad AliAround Muhammad Ali, all was decay. Mildewed tongues of insulation poked through gaps in the ceiling; flaking cankers pocked the painted walls. On the floor lay rotting scraps of carpet.He was cloaked in black. Black street shoes, black socks, black pants, black short-sleeved shirt. He threw a punch, and in the small towns abandoned boxing gym, the rusting chain between the heavy bag and the ceiling rocked and creaked.Slowly, at first, his feet began to dance around the bag. His left hand flicked a pair of jabs, and then a right cross and a left hook, too, recalled the ritual of butterfly and bee. The dance quickened. Black sunglasses flew from his pocket as he gathered speed, black shirttail flapped free, black heavy bag rocked and creaked. Black street shoes scuffed faster and faster across black moldering tiles: Yeah, Lawd, champ can still float, champ can still sting! He whirled, jabbed, feinted, let his feet fly into a shuffle. Hows that for a sick man? he shouted. ...(Gary Smith, Ali and His Entourage. Sports Illustrated, April 25, 1988) Roger Angell on the Business of CaringI am not enough of a social geographer to know if the faith of the Red Sox fan is deeper or hardier than that of a Reds rooter (although I secretly believe that it may be, because of his longer and more bitter disappointments down the years). What I do know is that this belonging and caring is what our games are all about; this is what we come for. It is foolish and childish, on the face of it, to affiliate ourselves with anything so insignificant and patently contrived and commercially exploitative as a professional sports team, and the amused superiority and icy scorn that the non-fan directs at the sports nut (I know this look- I know it by heart) is understandable and almost unanswerable. Almost. What is left out of this calculation, it seems to me, is the business of caring- caring deeply and passionately, really caring- which is a capacity or an emotion that has almost gone out of our lives. And so it seems possible that we have come to a t ime when it no longer matters so much what the caring is about, how frail or foolish is the object of that concern, as long as the feeling itself can be saved. Naà ¯vetà ©- the infantile and ignoble joy that sends a grown man or woman to dancing and shouting with joy in the middle of the night over the haphazardous flight of a distant ball- seems a small price to pay for such a gift.(Roger Angell, Agincourt and After. Five Seasons: A Baseball Companion. Fireside, 1988) Rick Reilly on the Pace of Play in BaseballThings that nobody reads in America today:The online legal mumbo jumbo before you check the little I Agree box.Kate Uptons resume.Major League Baseballs Pace of Play Procedures.Not that baseball games dont have a pace. They do: Snails escaping a freezer.Its clear no MLB player or umpire has ever read the procedures or else how do you explain what I witnessed Sunday, when I sat down to do something really stupid- watch an entire televised MLB game without the aid of a DVR?Cincinnati at San Francisco was a three-hour-and-14-minute can-somebody-please-stick-two-forks-in-my-eyes snore-a-palooza. Like a Swedish movie, it might have been decent if somebody had cut 90 minutes out of it. Id rather have watched eyebrows grow. And I should have known better.Consider: There were 280 pitches thrown and, after 170 of them, the hitter got out of the batters box and did ... absolutely nothing.Mostly, hitters delayed the proceedings to kick imaginary dirt o ff their cleats, meditate, and un-Velcro and re-Velcro their batting gloves, despite the fact that most of the time, they hadnt even swung. ...(Rick Reilly, Play Ball! Really, Play Ball! ESPN.com, July 11, 2012) Research and Sports WritingAthletes will tell you that games are won or lost in practice. Sports writers will tell you the same thing about stories- the key work is doing research before a game. The reporter tries to find out all she can about the teams, the coaches, and the issues hell be covering. Sports writer Steve Sipple comments, Background is the one time I dont have to worry about asking the right questions. Its the one time when Im able to relax and have fun while I familiarize myself with an athlete or issue.(Kathryn T. Stofer, James R. Schaffer, and Brian A. Rosenthal, Sports Journalism: An Introduction to Reporting and Writing. Rowman Littlefield, 2010)

Effective and Efficient Strategies of Managers Essay

Effective and Efficient Strategies of Managers - Essay Example From this paper it is clear that  the role of managers in the modern world has reshaped with greater responsibilities. Manager is not only expected with the skills like good communication, interpersonal skills, planning and long term forecasting capabilities, good decision making and leadership skills but in fact now a manager is expected to be a motivator who is capable of motivating and satisfying his subordinates as well as he has to become a role model for his team to show them how to cope up with problems and how to reduce any sort of tensions and stress during work.This study outlines that it is difficult to generalize the factors which are responsible for high motivation, as different people are motivated by different factors or elements. The causes and level of motivation differs on the basis of the personality and needs of different individuals. Researchers have presented different intrinsic and extrinsic factors responsible for motivating and encouraging the managers in o rder to work harder. In this regard, most famous theory is that of Abraham Maslow known as hierarchy of needs. Yet people discuss a lot about stress but most of them do not know what stress really is. Most of them have an opinion that stress is something that happens to them, a kind of incident, situation, event such as an accident, injury or job loss etc. While other thinks that stress is something related to their body, a reaction that a body takes, or something happens to their mind or organs or behaviour in a response to some event.

Critically evaluate the extent to which prisoners with learning Essay

Critically evaluate the extent to which prisoners with learning disabilities are discriminated against in the criminal justice system( prison.) - Essay Example A current study conducted in New South Wales, Australia reported that 80% of the total prisoner population have a mental disorder. In the United States, more than half of the prisoner population are under medication for psychotic problems and major depression. Studies in the United Kingdom have reported a comparable situation. As reported by a current Prison Reform Trust study, prisoners with learning disabilities experience discrimination and other human rights violence. Among people with mental disorders those with learning disorders are still among the most discriminated and mistreated members of the society. According to the United Nations Special Rapporteur, â€Å"... [t]heir neglect is reflected in society at large, among the health professionals, and in the human rights community.† This discrimination and neglect are even more severe in the prison environment in numerous countries. Current studies in several countries have revealed the huge population of prisoners suffe ring from learning disabilities and the severely insufficient attention given to their mental health care needs. Some individuals with learning disabilities are at risk of criminal behaviour and are, thus, predisposed to have dealings with the criminal justice system. People with borderline and mild learning disorders make up the bulk of the total population of those with learning disabilities. According to the 2001 report of the Department of Health (DoH), roughly 1.2 million individuals in the UK have a mild to moderate learning disability. Estimations from the data of prison population show that daily roughly 5,000 individuals with learning disabilities are incarcerated together with an additional 19,500 individuals with probable mild to moderate learning disabilities. Several studies have been carried out which emphasise service insufficiencies,

Car aerodynamics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Car aerodynamics - Essay Example An aerodynamic automobile is designed to streamline the wind, it does not have piercing edges that cross the wind stream above the windshield and have a type of tail, which is called a liftback or Kammback or fastback. Different automotive companies like the Volkswagen, Loremo and Aptera, try to reduce the tail area of their small vehicles like the 1-liter models. They are designed to have a smooth and flat floor for the Venturi effect to be supported and generate the desired downwards-aerodynamic energy. The wind entering the engine cove is used for combustion, passengers and cooling, and then it is re-injected by an outlet under the floor. Air is slowed and pressurized in a diffuser for rear and mid engines, it loses a little pressure while it is passed through the engine cove and is filled in the slipstream. A seal between the high pressure around the gearbox and low pressure area around the wheels is required by these cars. The suspension in these cars is either retracted or stre amlined and the engine cove floor is closed. Streamlined shape is given to the roof rails, antenna and door handle. A round fairing as a nose is given to side mirrors. Though racing cars need airflow through the wheel base for break cooling and a lot of air is emitted from the radiator into the wheel bay, it is said to cause increase in drag. â€Å"Most aerodynamic design work is actually done initially on a computer, then the design is checked and modified by placing a vehicle with that design in a wind tunnel† (Erjavec 158). Wind tunnel and computer modeling are used to analyze and study automotive aerodynamics. The tunnel is sometimes furnished with a rolling road to achieve most accurate results from a wind tunnel test. The rolling road is a movable floor like the floor of at treadmill and moves at a particular speed as the air flows in. This affects the results by preventing the formation of a boundary

The ICT Industry in Canada Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

The ICT Industry in Canada - Term Paper Example According to the research findings the ICT industry within any societal setting is vital in ensuring progress to the economy to deliver an update on the necessary resources. The resources that are under consideration issue support to the political and economic sustenance. The desire to analyze the ICT provision of any company is attributed to the requirements presented in identifying the main contributions of the entity. The ICT industry has been a leading form of intellectual property in the modern century with a provision issued to mark the features that have contributed to its advancement. Canadian ICT sector has made leading developments in creating stability in the economy, while maintain a noticeable balance in the principles that are applied to create sustainability in the economy. The ICT industry in Canada has presented numerous developments in the generation of GDP, and measures to maintain its effectiveness need to be implemented to realize its contributions. Canada had es tablished its economy as the leader of the information advances, and recent advancements have seen it fail to maintain its status among the developed powers that are capable of offering sustainability within the ICT sector. Policies to balance the ICT industry with the developmental inputs presented within its economy are the factors that might revive the industry. The major composer of the industry has been articulated to comprise minor companies. These are an estimated 33, 000 firms, 80% of the number specializing in software and computer development. The other numbers are concerned with wholesaling and manufacturing. On the other hand, companies with a large work force form the minority in the industry with an estimated 20% of firms that are engaged in ICT sector. The value of the ICT composition with the manufacturing and software development sector has been boosted by the need to provide investment of qualified professionals, who are capable of delivering the developments to ac hieve the economic progress desired. However, the large companies with an employee turnover of 500 professionals support the sector with the need to provide regulation of the needed gadgets. In 2010, leading companies owned the number that constituted the manufacturing segment of the ICT area. These companies held a minimal employee capacity with the number of employees estimated to be 50 per firm, and the record revealed that this number in the total ICT share occupied 3.7%. Contribution to the economy Research conducted revealed that the ICT sector had increased its total revenue between 2009 and

Racial issues in Cleveland, Ohio Personal Statement

Racial issues in Cleveland, Ohio - Personal Statement Example The board worked with labor unions, civil rights groups, as well as industries with the sole aim of improving the conditions of black employees. Federal and state officials first opposed this idea as they deemed that it would lead to chaos. They believed that the formation of this board would herald tensions in most parts of the United States (Miller & Anthony 20-190). Accomodationism refers to having a belief that dwells on having a common ground in people who have a similar belief in supernatural beings. The black leaders who supported the actions undertaken by opposing groups had a phenomenal impact on the fight against racial profiling. These leaders led groups of blacks in addressing the issues faced by the African Americans. In Cleveland, accommodationism ensured that African Americans presented their grievances to the relevant authorities. This strategy succeeded as religious leaders used the church to address the problems faced by the blacks. Under the umbrella of religion, black leaders were able to address the concerns of African Americans (Miller & Anthony

Critique of Mrs. Jones (Pseudonym) Assessment Criteria Essay

Critique of Mrs. Jones (Pseudonym) Assessment Criteria - Essay Example Preoperative Assessment VI. Clinical Nursing and Management VII. Intra-operative Assessment and Care VIII. Planning and Preparation for Safe Administration of Anesthesia IX. Intra-operative Monitoring Techniques Applied X. Anesthesia Techniques Used XI. Hemodynamic Management of Patient XII. Additional Precautionary Equipment Used XIII. Anesthesia Agents and Analgesia Used XIV. Post-operative Assessment and Care XV. References Case Analysis: Critique of Mrs. Jones (Pseudonym) Assessment Criteria Introduction Mrs. Jones is an 82 year old female patient who has been admitted for colonoscopy +/- polypectomy for PR bleeding. This condition has been persistent in her system, given the fact that she had been diagnosed of the same problem earlier in 2010, together with other complications. Arrangements had been made for her to attend a twenty days pre-admission clinic before surgery. Prior to her admission for surgery, she was taken through a preoperative nursing assessment. This paper is a critique of this assessment and Mrs. Jones management at large from the pre and intra operative care through, to the handover stage with the post-anesthetic care nursing. It majorly singles out the factors that may impact the patient’s care throughout the pre and the intra operative anesthesia experience. Litwack (2009:1) suggest that, it is important that all health care team should be aware of the patient’s medical history, and previous surgeries. Additionally, they should be aware of the patient’s family history of diseases. This information is important for planning and instituting pre and post anaesthesia care. Taylor and Welleford (2009:707) have suggested that cardiovascular systems have the most influence on anaesthesia and general outcome. This means that preoperative interview and pre assessment can decrease the risk and improve immediate peri procedure outcomes and the long term clinical outcome. Preoperative Assessment and Care Preoperative stage pr ovides a chance for the beginning of a thorough assessment of surgical patients. This section includes activities like patient-centered interviews that are aimed at gathering critical information that will contribute to a patient’s successful experience and an outlined and goal directed care plan. Mrs. Jones went through a preoperative interview and reassessment stage for twenty days before the surgery. This stage included a pre-anesthesia consultation conducted by an anesthetic registrar. The consultation by the anesthetic registrar prior to the day of surgery revealed vital information about Mrs. Jones which may impact the care she receives in the pre and intra operative stages of the whole surgical procedure. ANZCA (2008:1) recommended that the pre-anesthesia consultation should include the patient’s health status and medical history and a plan of the anesthesia. Furthermore it should include an interview and a discussion with the patient and their family regarding to anesthetic management. The discussion should be of factors which are of significance to the patient. At the end of it, a confirmation about the patient’s identity and consent to the procedure after an explanation of the anesthesia with its related the procedures should be obtained (ANZCA, 2008:1). Clinical Presentation The American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status classification system is very useful for assessing the statistical analysis of a patient’s health status (Sherief, 2011:1). Mrs. Jones is eighty two years old, female, graded 3 by ASA, and has a history of multiple health problems. Mrs. Jones currently is admitted for colonoscopy +/- polypectomy for PR bleeding. This grading of three by the American Society of anesthesiologists was because her condition was coupled with a multiple medical history a

Racial issues in Cleveland, Ohio Personal Statement

Racial issues in Cleveland, Ohio - Personal Statement Example The board worked with labor unions, civil rights groups, as well as industries with the sole aim of improving the conditions of black employees. Federal and state officials first opposed this idea as they deemed that it would lead to chaos. They believed that the formation of this board would herald tensions in most parts of the United States (Miller & Anthony 20-190). Accomodationism refers to having a belief that dwells on having a common ground in people who have a similar belief in supernatural beings. The black leaders who supported the actions undertaken by opposing groups had a phenomenal impact on the fight against racial profiling. These leaders led groups of blacks in addressing the issues faced by the African Americans. In Cleveland, accommodationism ensured that African Americans presented their grievances to the relevant authorities. This strategy succeeded as religious leaders used the church to address the problems faced by the blacks. Under the umbrella of religion, black leaders were able to address the concerns of African Americans (Miller & Anthony

Carpe Diem Essay Example for Free

Carpe Diem Essay We live day to day working, paying bills, and not noticing what is truly out there in the world. We get caught up in drama with co-workers, friends, family and random people that we meet in our day to day activities. We stress over little things that shouldn’’t even be stressed over, because what’’s going to change from the time you’’re stressing from the next day to the next? The problem won’’t go away or get better or worse either way. So why stress? Life is too short to not enjoy what the world has to offer. Carpe Diem is a Latin phrase meaning â€Å"â€Å"Seize the Day†Ã¢â‚¬ . It can mean many different things to different people. Carpe diem really just means living life to the fullest because tomorrow may never come. Carpe Diem in Latin means seize the day but when you look at that what does it mean to you? To me it means living your life to the fullest. You need to enjoy every aspect of life as much as possible because when you really look at things in the big picture we are not on this planet very long. So it really isn’’t a phrase that means something, but it is a way of life. When you look at it you should ask yourself this question. If my life was a book, how interesting would it be and would anyone want to read it. When living life to the fullest a major aspect would have to be your family. How can you say you have no regrets if you are not in order with your family? Your family should be your life and you should enjoy everything you do with them. You should also strive to make sure they feel the same way about you. Making sure you’’re not too busy to enjoy your family and doing things with them will make you feel more fulfilled in life. You and your family’’s happiness will always be one of the biggest aspects when it comes to living your life to the fullest. Working is a big part of life because you spend the majority of your day doing it. You should work at a career that you enjoy not work just to pay bills. Working at a job that you enjoy will make many other aspects in life seem that much better and you will enjoy life much more. Money can’’t buy happiness, love, family, or friends. If you work just for a paycheck and don’’t enjoy what you do you will not enjoy all the other things in life as much. How do you think your daily life will feel if you spend eight of the sixteen hours you are awake doing something you don’’t enjoy? When looking back at your life in your older age you should want to feel that you have enjoyed your career and did it for the right reasons. Enjoying your job and doing what you live is a big part of living your life to the fullest. Life is also about going out having good experiences with good company. Whether good or bad, new experiences with good friends will always be a memorable and good time in your life. Remembering the good times around the camp fires and the nice ice cold beers with those that mean the most to you is a great example. Having the chance to explore the world and making memories is one of the most charitable things in life. Climb a mountain, swim a sea, what’’s the worst thing that can happen; your phone bill doesn’’t get paid. I’’m not saying quit your job and forget that you have responsibilities, but what should really come first? Everyone needs a break from work to enjoy life. Take the time out of working to go out for a god hunt or a day at the beach with friends. If you can look back and like a bigger part of your life than not you are seizing the day. So you might say that isn’’t what seizing the day means. You may feel that it means something completely different. But looking at your life, how accomplished would you feel if you didn’’t have any family or never had any fun memories about your life. You could not say with a clear conscience that you have lived your life to the fullest. No matter how you feel inside or what your definition may be on living life to the fullest you will always want to look back and say I had no regrets. You can look at your life in many different ways and see several different views on it. When looking at it in the big picture you want to feel that you lived it to the fullest with no regrets. When picturing the whole thing we call a life and reflecting on it you will see that family, what you do, and the people you do it with make up a huge portion of it. So make sure you live everyday to the fullest and never forget the saying â€Å"â€Å"Carpe Diem†Ã¢â‚¬ .

Analysis of the Swamp in Psycho

Analysis of the Swamp in Psycho Adrian Secter Murder, Candy and Chains: An Analysis of the Swamp in Psycho â€Å"Show me a sane man and I will cure him for you.† Carl Jung Understanding a swamp is to understand what exists in shadow. Not the shadow of night or shroud, but that of the mute. The marginal. To know the scene in Alfred Hitchcock’s Psycho where Marion Crane’s corpse-filled car is disposed of, is to know the film. Bogs have always been a place in flux, the last remainder of a primordial ooze. They serve as a place where strange organisms, many of which cannot survive elsewhere, can breed and grow. The same holds true for ideas. For a man such as Norman Bates, the swamp affords him (and his mother) the luxury of anonymity. Removed from the scrutiny of dry land, the rigors of reality, Bates’ imagination does as swamp creatures do. It experiments, it mutates and most importantly, it uses its natural habitat to dispose of any outsiders who threaten it. Given that the absorptive nature of the swamp scene is both literal and metaphorical, Michael Fried’s â€Å"Absorption and Theatricality† readily lends itself to this analysis. While Fried ostensibly concerns himself with Denis Diderot and 18th century French paintings, the case he presents all but begs to be deftly applied to film. A plea heard anachronistically by Psycho. This 1960 film is replete with striking scenes, and indeed it could be argued that the movie is comprised entirely of such scenes. It is however, the alluded to â€Å"swamp scene† that is most pertinent. In this scene, Norman Bates (Anthony Perkins) hides the car that his most recent victim, Marion Crane (Janet Leigh). After murdering Crane in her motel room and disposing of all the evidence thereof, Crane’s body and 1957 Ford remain. Cleverly vanishing both corpse and car, Bates wraps Crane in a shower curtain, dumps her in the trunk and rolls the car into a nearby swamp. All of this exposition appears fairly straightforward, and would be, were the film not directed by Alfred Hitchcock. With Hitchcock behind the camera, the scene is elevated beyond mere plot and into a realm worthy of Fried and analysis. The crucial point of this scene is that the only remaining proof of Crane’s murder, the car, does not go quietly into the swamp. In filming this descent of woma n, Hitchcock positions the car on a controllable platform, allowing him to adjust the speed with which the car is lowered into the murky gloom. The car is swallowed up, but only piecemeal. At first it proceeds smoothly, as the muddy waters seep into the front of the car. Then it stops. Half of a bone-white car still sticks out of the darkness. The trunk, with Crane inside, stares back at a watchful Bates. He stares back, munching on candy corn. The water finds its strength again and consumes more of the car. Then it stops. The trunk lies like a Nile crocodile, its back above the water. On the shore, Bates continues watching. At last, the water covers the trunk and its morbid contents. The camera lingers on the last bubbles, expiring as they flee towards the shore. With this knowledge of the scene itself in hand, it is now possible to delve deeper into the swamp. Fried begins â€Å"Absorption and Theatrically† with an explanation of the prevailing Rococo style which he neatly summarizes as being â€Å"exquisite, sensuous and intimately decorative†. Fried contrasts the ostentatious and often dull (an artistic combination of decided difficulty) Rococo style with its artistic antithesis, the return to imbuing paintings with absorptive qualities. Fried defines absorption as an â€Å"†¦.insistence on the unity of the painting and the insistence on the irrelevance of the beholder (Fried also reminds his readers that the effort to establish the unity of the painting must itself be understood as nothing but an effort to affect the beholder). Reading Fried with Hitchcock’s film in mind results in a fascinating adaptation of Fried’s explanation of relationship between Rococo and absorption. While cognizant of the perils analogies present, a careful cinematic examination of the dynamic between Rococo and Absorptive art sees a similar dynamic in the dynamic of the studio system and Psycho. Psycho follows in the artistic footsteps of painters such as Chardin and thus stands apart from the studio system of classical Hollywood films. On a very practical level, Psycho can also been seen as at odds with the prevailing system. In 1960, Alfred Hitchcock’s Paramount contract guaranteed the studio another Hitchcock film (his previous Paramount film being Vertigo in 1958) but studio executives found Hitchcock’s latest proposal to be repugnant and refused to finance it. Undaunted, Hitchcock produced the movie in cost-cutting black white, using his own television production company and filming at Universal Studios. It is fascinating and relevant to note that reviews of Psycho were decidedly mixed, with the New York Times praising the horror movie’s depiction of â€Å"†¦the little details of ordinary life, a virtue in keeping with the lesser genres†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Or so it would have been had that quotation not pertained to a Baroque critique of Chardin in the 1730’s. Taking quote from art critics in the 18th century and applying them to the Salon of 1960 prompts an examination of the qualities of the film that are reminiscent of Chardin’s â€Å"Soap Bubbles† and thus it’s theatrical and absorptive qualities. The swamp scene is an excellent case study for this as the previously articulated manner in which it is constructed allows the beholder to become a subjective character within the scene. The technique used to achieve this are very similar to those used in â€Å"Soap Bubbles†. Fried identifies this the painters (or directors) â€Å"choice of a natural pause in the action which, we feel, will recommence a moment later†. The result of these choice is paradoxical, as Fried goes on to say that a static painting or a film’s (static in its celluloid repetition) â€Å"stability and unchangingness are endowed to an astonishing degree with the power to conjure an illusion of imminent or gr adual or even fairly abrupt change.† Within the scene currently under analysis, this paradoxical choice is further amplified by the unique way film as an artistic medium can be re-watched. Despite the fact that an aesthete can (and many do) return to a certain museum to view a particular painting as many times as they please, and the fact that viewing and watching are for all intents and purposes synonyms, it cannot and is not said that an individual who has gone to the Louvre to see the Mona Lisa fifty times has â€Å"re-watched† the Mona Lisa, regardless of the pedantic truth of that statement. But film, and Psycho more pointedly, is a â€Å"re-watchable† form of art. It is not a petty quibble over semantics, but rather speaks to the manner in which knowing the inevitability of the outcome mutates the audience’s conscious viewing experience. When the swamp scene is watched for the first time, the viewer is struck with a tense and remarkable feeling. Despite just having witnessed the jarring murder of Crane in the infamously jarring shower, the audience finds itself wanting the car to go into the swamp. Hitchcock masterfully creates a situation of such deft tenseness that the audience is placed in the same mindset they have when watching a hero character disarm a bomb (always with one second left). The mastery of this scene is that it takes that expression of bomb-disarming relief and channels it for the benefit of a man who just brutally murdered a woman. A woman whose death has now been covered up, to the relief of the audience. In this crucial moment, the viewer does not want Bates to be caught. Upon re-watching the movie, and armed with knowledge of absorptive techniques, theatricality and French paintings of the mid-18th century, Hitchcock’s masterpiece offers up even more. Gazing (but never re-watching) paint ings such as Jean-Baptiste Greuze’s â€Å"La Pià ©tà © Filiale† with the Bates’ Motel’s swamp in mind, one realizes that they are lost in the scene because of the manner in which Norman absorbs himself in his task. Much like Greuze’s painting, wherein Fried says that â€Å"the primary emphasis is no on the variety and multiplicity of individual responses to a central event so much as on the merging of those response in a single collective act of heightened attention†, the audiences’ and Norman’s responses to the slow descent of a hearse into the swamp merge into an â€Å"act of heightened attention. Fried illustrates what is at the heart of the â€Å"absorptive state†. It creates and maintains a fiction, a fiction the beholder, the viewer, the audience, call it what you will does not exist at all. Both the family in Greuze’s painting and the candy-corn eating Bates are depicted in such a way that they not only forget themselves, they forget us too. Furthermore, there is a direct relationship between the degree to which the fiction of the viewer is omitted and the ability of the actual viewer to emerge themselves in the world of the art. In turn, the reality created by Greuze or Hitchcock sees more real because it seems to be, regardless of whether or not it is being beheld. But at the same time, the tension that manifests itself in aligning with Norman results from not being absorbed. This is in line with â€Å"Absorption and Theatricality† as the very same tension that absorbs the audience also results in the problems Fried makes out for Parisian salons in the 1750 and 60s’ when he says that the â€Å"illusion of negating the spectators presence creates both the absorption and the undermining of the images reality.† For the Salons, Fried makes the case that the fact that the absorption was being admired by critics made the illusion of negation increasingly difficult. However, for Psycho’s swamp scene, the latter effect serves to prod the viewer into realizing they were enthralled by the film’s antagonist, one who had dispatched the supposed protagonist not a third of the way through the film. It is fitting to being to draw this examination to a close the way that Hitchcock brings Psycho to a close. At the end of the movie, it is not the penetratingly insane stare of Norman Bates the audience is left with, but rather a shot of car being pulled out of the swamp with chains. It is only right that as the viewer was pulled into the film watching the car sink deeper into the swamp, that they should be returned to their world as the car is pulled out of the swamp. While Psycho may appear to conclude with a bland and straightforward explanation of Bates’ psychotic condition by a psychologist, appears can be, and frequently are deceptive. Receiving a medically valid reason behind the events that they have beheld is a poor balm on the confusion and terror they have absorbed. Hitchcock is fully aware of this and it is the primary reason why the film does not fade to black after the doctor’s rational explanation. The last fleeting moments of the film are reserved for the swamp. The re-introduction of the swamp, and the rising of the car, with all its macabre and money contents, raises introspective questions for the audience. While the police will undoubtedly open the trunk to find Marion and most of the stolen cash, the audience is faced with the prospect of opening their own conscious self to examination. Through the use of Michael Fried’s â€Å"Absorption and Theatrically† and a subsequent examination of the parallels between the Rococo and the studio, the absorptive and Psycho, this analysis has taken the crucial scene following Marion’s murder and used it demonstrate the manner in which the film’s audience becomes a subjective role in the film. The residual horror of the film is not merely the product of jarring murders but rather showcases the power of the absorptive technique in creating within the viewer shifting identification with the film’s characters. Ultimately, the audience is left with haunting questions regarding their own motives for things such as wishing the swamp would cover the car fully. And as the above analysis concludes, the answer can be a bit unsettling. But there is no need to upset. After all†¦ we all go a little mad sometimes.

Lord of the Flies :: Free Essay Writer

Lord of the Flies Literature versus Hollywood Many novels are such successful sellers that producers can’t wait to put the story onto the big screen. Most of the time the original novel is much better than the movie because it is able to capture the characters true emotions. In the novel â€Å"The Lord of the Flies† William Golding was trying to capture the reader’s imagination. Overall the novel is better then the movie because it has a better description of the characters thoughts and feelings. Symbolically it allows the reader to grasp the concepts that are not relevant throughout the movie. Unlike the novel, the movie is unable to capture the true essence of each character. This occurs because when something is transferred from writing into a production there is not enough time to portray each character in exact detail. In the novel Piggy is treated as the â€Å"Outsider†, but in the film the audience doesn’t clearly see his true emotions. Other characters such as Simon and Roger are portrayed in full detail in the novel, but in the movie they hardly appear at all. The movie failed to show Simon as a â€Å"Christ† figure, and Roger’s evil nature. Since the movie was not able to give the audience more information about the characters, their roles and emotions, it is not effective in giving a clear â€Å"picture†. The author’s use of symbols in the novel gives the reader more insight into the story. The novel depicts the most important messages. For example, Piggy’s glasses represent civilization, but once they are destroyed it shows how the boys no longer find anything wrong with their actions. Civilization begins to fade, and eventually it becomes a memory. Another symbol is the dead parachutist, the boys are letting their inner â€Å"Beast† slowly prevail, and you begin to see how real their evil spirits are coming. Little, by little the boys are turning devilish, but they don’t seem to realize the consequences of their action. One event which plays a significant role in the novel is Simon’s death. The boys have crossed the border of civilization to such a level, that they no longer recognize one another, and are killing ferociously, like savages. In the novel all of these symbols and events develop the plot, but in the film version the thoughts are very u nclear, and most are left out. Some similarities between the movie and the novel are that the characters are all involved.

Crimea: Paradise Divided Essay -- World Civilization

â€Å"Crimean history would suggest that it is folly to think that possession of any place, especially paradise, is anything other than a tenancy (Newman, 2011).Crimea may be compared to paradise, the crowning glory of many an empire, and it is no wonder with its subtropical climate, fertile lands, soft meadows and sprawling coastline. But the very aspects that make an Eden out of the Crimean Peninsula have also been the causes of struggle and conflict. For it may be said that Crimea is a contested land in an identity crisis and is the subject of much debate still today. Divided by conflicting ethnicities, passed through the hands of the ancient Greeks to Ukraine and left battered by three major wars, Crimea truly is the jewel of many crowns (Newman, 2011). The period between 1 B.C. to 1475 set the stage for what was to become Crimea’s legacy. It was the rich resources offered by the peninsula that first attracted the Greeks in 1 B.C. (â€Å"Crimea,† 2011 ). Crimea soon became an important source of wheat for the kingdom (Rubel, 2003). However, the Greeks were unable to maintain a firm hold on the peninsula and were constantly warding off invaders. It became apparent that Crimea was not to stay in the hands of one group for long, a fact that has been the bane of many empires ever since. First the Goths and then the Huns, Slavs and Mongols following in succession invaded Crimea over the next thousand years (Crimea). Each fought to achieve control over what many deemed as paradise. The Romans were not to be left out either. By establishing protectorates and naval bases, they capitalized upon the fact that Crimea was an excellent area to position a navy and created the earliest ancestor to the Black Sea Fleet (Rubel, 2003). N avies were to bec... ...ecked/topic/514064/Russo-Turkish-wars Simonsen, S. (2000). â€Å"You take your oath only once:† Crimea, the black sea fleet, and national identity among russian officers. Nationalities Papers, 28(2), 289. The crimean khanate- a brief history. (2008). Retrieved from http://www.accesscrimea.com/crimean-khanate The transfer of the crimea to the ukraine. (2005, July). Retrieved from http://www.iccrimea.org/historical/crimeatransfer.html TJK. (2004). The tatar khanate of crimea. Retrieved from http://www.allempires.com/article/index.php?q=The_Crimean_Khanate Voyetekhov, B. (1943). Last days of sevastopol. Saturday Evening Post, 215(46), 18-106. Zihni, A. (2010). Pages from the history of the crimea, the ukraine, caucasia, poland and muscovy. Washigton, DC: The International Commitee for Crimea. Retrieved from http://www.iccrimea.org/historical/tevarih20100908.pdf

Wa Student Duty of Care Policy

Memo for The Department of Education and Training, Western Australia (DETWA) To: All School Principals within the DETWA. Subject: A GUIDE TO HELP PARENT’S UNDERSTAND, THE WESTERN AUSTRALIAN DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION & TRAINING, DUTY OF CARE POLICY FOR STUDENTS. Please find enclosed a detailed guide to helping your parents / caregivers understand the â€Å"Duty of Care Policy for Students†. This guide is an analysis of the policy document noting the key points that are easily understood by parents.The report will also detail two scenarios providing examples of situations that can occur at any school and an action plan response to each scenario by following the duty of care policy guidelines. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. 0 Introduction 2. 0 Background regarding the policy & Part 1 -Document Analysis 3. 0 Duty of Care explanation 4. 0 Reasonable Care explanation 5. 0 Key points to note 6. 0 Part 2 -Action Plans 7. 0 Scenario 1 & action plan response 8. 0 Scenario 2 & action plan res ponse 9. 0 Conclusion / Personal Reflection 0. 0 References 1. 0 Introduction As parents, the â€Å"Duty of Care† policy is more than likely decidedly foreign. From here many questions, no doubt will arise? Why did the Western Australian government put this in place for their Department of Education and Training? What significance does this document have towards my children, parents may also be thinking? So many thoughts and questions have no doubt once or twice crossed a parents mind. I am sure some may not even be aware of this documents existence. 2. Background regarding the policy & Part 1 – Document Analysis To answer these imminent questions above, the significance of this report is to offer the Parents of Western Australian students attending primary and secondary schools, a further understanding. The Western Australian Government wrote the policy so that it would be implemented within the Department of Education WA and then handed down to all teachers. The docu ment became effective on the 26/06/2007 and updated 02/08/2012. (Department of Education and Training, Western Australia (DETWA), 2012,1). As noted by the Department of Education and Training, Western Australia (2012,3)† this policy was created to ensure that all teaching staff, non teaching staff and volunteers know their legal responsibilities in ensuring reasonable care occurred to maintain the safety and wellbeing of all students whilst in their care and avoid acts that may result in injury. This policy is not just limited to within the school grounds but also outside school grounds, excursions and activities that fall under the care and guidance of school teachers, regardless of where the activity or lesson may occur. 3. 0 Duty of care explanationWhat is the Duty of Care? Newnham (2000, 2) describes the Duty of care as a legal concept that was put in place under the Common Law, and it is well established in education regulations. 4. 0 Reasonable Care explanation with key points to note What is Reasonable Care? The Department of Education and Training, Western Australia, (2012, 3) also describe reasonable care as a situation that will always vary according to the overall circumstances involved. Teachers are to assess the â€Å"reasonableness† of the level of care needed by noting the following probabilities that can interfere or affect the outcome of care.These probabilities are; * The school activity and its nature. * The environment upon which the activity will occur in, therefore the teacher must assess the risk, if any, involved. * Pre-existing medical conditions, like allergies, epilepsy, diabetes. * Ages and skills of the students. * Physical or Intellectual impairments & Behavioural issues 5. 0 Key points to note There are some other key points that the Duty of Care policy would acknowledge. These include that a principal or teacher must ensure that all department employees must hold the necessary identification and qualifications requi red including non teaching staff.Also, volunteers and the like must also possess a working with children check card. The details of this policy and how this check can be completed is found via the following government website, http://www. checkwwc. wa. gov. au/checkwwc The importance of having such a policy is to protect both student and teacher and offer the teacher clear, concise guidelines on what â€Å"duty of care† is expected of teaching staff to reduce the chance of negligence and possible legal implications.A highly topical direct quote included below is from abstract, Newnham, (2000, 1) is particularly pertinent to this report and extremely beneficial to take note: â€Å"The law is increasing affecting the practice of education. The most likely reason a teacher or school will face legal action is in negligence where a student has been injured while under the school’s protection. This may occur in a variety of settings.To satisfy the elements of the tort of ne gligence the student who becomes in law the plaintiff must prove that a duty of care was owed, that the duty was breached, by not maintaining the appropriate standard and that the injury was a reasonably foreseeable consequence of that breach of duty. It would be rare for a teacher to face criminal charges but it could happen if a teacher had an intention to harm or acted recklessly. † (Newnham 2000, 1) The policy document also offers guidelines for parents and caregivers and their responsibilities for their children before and after school care time slots and whilst on school grounds.This will clearly advise the parent / caregiver the times for when their children will and will not be supervised and offer a guide as to whether the student is protected or not under the school’s duty of care policy. 6. 0 Part 2 – Action Plans Below are action plans that a teacher in the following scenarios could note and introduce to ensure that the teacher is consistently adherin g to the Western Australian Government and the Department of Education & Training’s, Duty of Care Policy. 7. 0 Scenario 1 & Action Plan A student is consistently interrupting other students during a classroom lesson.In dealing with this student’s interruptions, the teacher sends the student out of the classroom for ‘timeout’. The teacher tells the student to wait outside the classroom door until asked to return to the room. This reprimanded student is no longer in the teacher’s view. The scenario above notes that the teacher involved has not exercised her duty of care and could be seen to be negligent as the student was no longer in the teachers view. As per notes from Newnham, (2000,46) the teacher has a duty of care to ensure that they are providing adequate supervision and no longer being in view is detrimental to this.The teacher was no doubt disappointed in the student and his associated behaviour but asking the student to leave for timeout cou ld have been handled in a more appropriate way. As per the teachers duty of care policy (Department of Education and Training, Western Australia, 2012, 3) the teacher needed to provide a suitable disciplinary action that ensured the student remained in full view. Otherwise by no longer being in view, the student could have harmed or injured, himself and the teacher would possibly be held responsible for not following the act of reasonable care and therefore classed as being negligent.The teacher could have opted for a variety of disciplinary actions from as painless as giving the timeout punishment and asking the student to remain in the far corner of the classroom until notified or the teacher could have phoned the principal’s office and asked that the principal come and escort the student to the office to remain in timeout whilst in a supervised environment. 8. 0 Scenario 2 & Action Plan A first year student teacher accompanies a supervising teacher out on duty at lunch tim e.While on playground duty, an incident occurs that requires the supervising teacher to accompany a student to the administration block, which is not within the supervision area. The supervising teacher asks the student teacher to remain on duty for her as she tends to the dilemma. This would mean the student teacher would be the only teacher supervising the designated play area at this time. Firstly Newhman, (2000, 49) notes that if the incident was indeed severe enough, ensure that the nature of the incident was documented.Other details that would need to be included in the incident report would be with who was present at the time in the events leading up to and when taking place. This will ensure that if further issue is raised, the teacher can be at ease that they have completed the right steps to ensure that negligence did not take place. Secondly, under the Duty of Care policy (Department of Education and Training, Western Australia, 2012, 3) the teacher should have clarified with the student teacher if they were comfortable to be left to undertake the primary care of the remaining students and be given the right to refuse.If refused, the student teacher would have been best to escort the student to the administration block or even more so the student teacher could have quickly alerted another teacher to come and assist the situation at hand and escort the student or takeover the supervisory role. 9. 0Conclusion & Personal Reflection Whilst reading through the DETWA Duty of Care Policy for Students, I was certainly not aware of the importance of one component of the policy document.The component I was not aware of was that as a teacher, I should be ensuring that any student teacher, non teaching staff or volunteer who may assist in my classroom, has the right to refuse the role of undertaking primary care of the students. If I had to leave the classroom or area where the class was being conducted, I must first ask this pertinent question of â€Å"Are yo u comfortable if I leave the room for said period of time? † This question was simply was not something that I gave much thought to.When I thought about this more, I realised it actually is common courtesy, to simply, ask first and then I will ensure the level of comfort of the other person helping is ascertained. I know that this element of the Duty of Care policy will be something I personally will take on board and remember to use within my classroom. In summary, the Western Australian Government’s, Duty of Care policy is undoubtedly a particularly crucial document. It’s a crucial document that all Western Australian Teacher’s who are employed within the Department of Education & Training, need to follow. As I ecome a teacher, this policy is simply another tool that I as a teacher, must concur with and abide by at all times, whilst the students are under my care. A Student’s safety is one of the most respected trusts that a caregiver / parent wil l ask of me as their child’s teacher. To ensure that I do not lose that vital trust placed in me, it will be essential that I follow these set guidelines from this document. I should also consistently using common sense, adhere to school policy and I then should never have to be concerned with the legalities of negligence and that my students should always be cared for well. Word count 1744) 10. 0 References The Government of Western Australia, (2012) Department of Education & Training: Duty of Care for Students. Western Australia: Retrieved from http://det. wa. edu. au/policies/detcms/policy-planning-and-accountability/policies-framework/policies/duty-of-care-for-students Department of child protection, (2008) Working with children check: Retrieved from http://www. checkwwc. wa. gov. au/checkwwc Newnham, Helen (2000) â€Å"When is a teacher or school liable in negligence? † Australian Journal of Teacher Education: Vol. 25: Iss. 1, Article 5. Available at: http://ro. e cu. edu. au/ajte/vol25/iss1/5

Buying My First Car Essay

A Bit of Memoir We rounded the corner and there it was, the stout, perfect looking black Jeep Cherokee that my dad and I had just driven and hour to look at. It looked like every other one that I had seen in pictures, but there was the feeling that this one could possibly be mine. The week before, I had been furiously searching Craigslist and Jeep Forum classifieds looking for a Jeep, particularly a Cherokee with low miles, little to no rust, and the right price, between the years 1997 and 1999. With the tight guidelines that I had for the car, it made it hard to find one. However, acquiring a Cherokee was only the first part; I had many plans once I had one of my own, plans to lift it and put some big mud tires on it, along with some other jeep essentials. My friend had his lifted Cherokee for a few months, and I had wanted one just like it for quite a while. After calling up multiple private sellers and used car dealerships, I had found one not far from me. A used car dealership had three Cherokees, all with low miles, and relatively fair prices. My dad and I decided to go check them out, with the hopes of being able to talk the salesman down a few hundred dollars. After driving a half hour or so, we arrive at the dealership, and there, parked in the front three spots were the jeeps. We made our way over and I was instantly checking them all out, making sure that I kept my cool. The salesman comes out, a big guy who looks like he could be on steroids, and he and my dad started talking. Instantly, like any used car salesman, he goes right into telling us about how awesome these Jeeps are, that they’re in perfect condition. We had narrowed down the three jeeps to one, and naturally we wanted to take it to a local mechanic. Most people would have no problem with this, but this guy did. After he refused to let us take it to our mechanic, we were turned off. In addition, he had given us a price on the phone, and then he told us a higher price when we were there talk ing face to face. At that point we were out of there. I was truly upset; I had mgotten my hopes up that I would be driving one of those Jeeps home. My dad told me not to be upset, and that we would find another one that same day. Still at the dealership, we were still sitting in our parked car; both of us on our iPhones looking up classifieds near our area. I find one that looks good, and it’s only a ferry ride away. This one was from a private seller and she had just listed it up that morning, so my dad called her up immediately. We told her we could come to see it that day, and she agreed. We raced to catch the next ferry, which we barely made. Driving off the ferry ramp, we headed to the address the lady gave us. We ended up in a somewhat rough neighborhood, but we decided we came too far to turn around because of some Mexicans with baggy shorts down to their ankles and flat brim hats. We finally got there, and there it is, sitting on the side of the road outside a small conventional house. The lady walked out her front door, and I was already looking under the jeep and checking it out. Everything is checking out, the miles were low, there were very little signs of rust, and I was getting excited. Eventually I was behind the wheel and out for a test drive. The engine ran a little rough, but it was nothing I couldn’t fix on my own. So my dad and I are sitting in the car on the other side of the block, and he asks me if I want it. I, of course, said yes, and we went back and worked a price out. Even though the lady only came down from her price a mere 50 dollars, we still ended up making the deal. Finally, my own car, and the exact one I wanted. I drove it all the way home with no plates, riding on the hopes that the police weren’t out that night. It was exciting to finally be driving the car that I would call mine. I was already imagining the I remember parking it on the ferry and looking at it from the upper deck of the parking garage. I got it home and everyone came out the front door of my house as I pulled down the driveway. It seemed as if my family was more excited about it then I was, which puzzled me. I felt proud of myself for finding the Jeep and being able to bring it home the exact same day. All the weeks of searching for a car had amounted to this one day, where it all happened in a matter of hours.

Evo:Case Study Essay

Do you think Evo’s decision not to set up any physical operation overseas is a good one? Why or why not? I have a mixed opinion on this question. I feel that there is a lot of potential missed business by not going international. The cost of setting up a business internationally is highly expensive, but the revenue made would make that up in a short amount of time. With being based in the United States, they can still reach a large market of the international business. They need to focus on what it is they are trying to achieve. If they are really looking to dive into the international mark, they need to concentrate on being able to be accessible when the customers need them. This means hiring more staff to be available longer hours for customer service. Once the sales start going up they will need to hire more employees in other department’s to fill orders and ship them, along with the many other needs of the company. What political and economic challenges could Evotrip encounter in other countries? Some challenges for Evotrip will be the true market for the service, the means for this type of service, and finding willing participants. The type of vacations that they are marketing is very expensive and can only be affordable if you are among the upper class. They aren’t for everyday Joe’s that want a ski vacation. Politically this might hurt them in the long run; however, by customers wanting revenge. If not everyone can afford these luxury vacations then someone is going to get upset over it any make an issue. Would you recommend that Evo expand the international side of it business? If so, how, and if not, why not? I feel that if they concentrated on their U.S. based business right now, and with continued support geared towards customer service, then international business will get stronger in the next few years, intern giving the opportunity for international growth to happen.

Entrepreneurship 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Entrepreneurship 2 - Essay Example Although actually I believe in my efforts and try to take advantage of opportunities, I can admit that sometimes I tend to think that there is my destiny programme in the universe that rules my life. But now I know that my relatively low level of the Locus of Control can be a barrier to my entrepreneurial aspiring, so I should learn to exert more control over my life and to increase my personal responsibility in achieving success in the context of solving my problems. I should also pay more attention to development of my creativity, improving imagination and an ability to see different perspectives of ordinary things. I consider my company attracts and keeps entrepreneurial talents thanks to two main principles of its business – to give the opportunity for personal growth to each employee and to enhance personal capabilities through building and development of the team. Each person in our company feels that the company’s success depends upon successes of each of us and vice versa. Amabile (1998) asserts that creativity takes place when expertise, creative-thinking skills, and motivation join together. In my company all three necessary components are established. In spite of that my business (a coffee shop) comprises much of routine, a creative atmosphere is provided thanks to challenges that are regularly given to staff, e.g. a contest in finding a best solution to attract of our ex-customers or to make suggestions for a seasonal menu. New ideas from the personnel are encouraged by our managers, especially if the ideas help to improve customer services. I think our good open-minded creative climate is also provided by the team that consists of people with diverse expertises and backgrounds – it helps us to gain different views and to synthesize them in new, sometimes unusual ideas. 2. I understand causes of the problem. The famous Kiplings â€Å"six

Surface engineering technology used in industry for surface Essay

Surface engineering technology used in industry for surface modification( i.e surface treatment-surface thermo-chemical tratment - Essay Example This has been made feasible because steel is strong, flexible, and durable, thus, making it a suitable material for construction. However, there are instances where some modifications have to be made to the metal to make it suitable for some types of construction. The resolve to have steel that is strong, tough, wear, and shock resistant leads engineers to manipulate the surface of the metal, leaving its inner core intact (Davis, 2003). This process is called surface hardening of steel, and it can be done in many ways. Surface hardening techniques can be grouped into two main categories; local thermal treatment and thermochemical processes. The choice of treatment to be used depends on engineering requirement s as well as commercial competition. In this section, this article presents an overview of the procedures used to harden the surface of steel. Each describes the procedures involved in the two categories. 1.1 Thermo-Chemical Processes Engineers modify the local chemical composit ion of steel at the surfaces by induction of nitrogen, carbon or both. Sometimes they may also use boron. The techniques used in this category depend on the method of heat treatment applied and can further be broken down into four subcategories: i. Pack processes such as metalizing and pack carburizing ii. Salt-bath processes such as carbonitriding (cyanide hardening) iii. Gaseous processes such as gas nitriding and gas carburizing iv. Vacuum based processes including ion nitriding, carburizing, and plasma nitriding The most salient features of these processes are the processing temperature, mechanical properties and depth of the case, as well as the service behavior of the case’s core composite. Temperature is particularly significant because it affects the level of distortion directly. 1.1.1 Nitriding This can only be done on materials that have already been hardened and tempered. It produces better results when used with a range of alloys of steel that form stable nitrides such as vanadium, aluminium, tungsten, chromium, and molybdenum. The resultant nitrides are dispersed evenly throughout the surface of steel. Figure 1: Schematic diagram of a nitriding process. The process occurs at around 540 degrees Celsius where distortion does not take place. The nitride layer on the surface of the metal makes it expand, thus creating large, compressive stresses that in turn increase surface hardness and improve fatigue strength. In addition, the process also results in steel that has a reduced friction coefficient. Nitriding is, therefore, the best method to use when developing surfaces that are intended to minimize friction such as crank shafts and ball bearings. Advantages of Nitriding 1. It is easy to control the nitrogen